$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF' Phase T3: adapt kernel source for CC (behavior-preserving) Expresses every low-level operation the kernel source needs the way CC expects it, ahead of Phase T7's actual toolchain switchover - verified throughout with the *existing* gcc/nasm/ld/objcopy build, deliberately, to prove each change is behavior-preserving before the new toolchain is even in the loop. - All 12 inline-asm sites (ata.c, serial.c, keyboard.c, idt.c, gdt.c, shell.c) now call named builtins (kernel/builtins.h: __builtin_outb/ inb/outw/inw/hlt/lidt/gdt_flush) instead of raw __asm__ blocks. CC intercepts these exact names in codegen and emits the instructions directly; the current GCC-based build needs real definitions to link against, so kernel/builtins_shim.c provides them via the same GCC inline asm as before. That shim is dropped in Phase T7 - CC never needs it, and couldn't parse it anyway (no inline-asm support). - kernel/lang/script/eval.c's ~22 compound literals became mkint/mkstr constructor calls; kernel/lang/compiler/codegen.c's designated- initializer BINOP_TABLE became an explicit binop_opcode() switch. Both C99 features are out of scope for CC's dialect (see docs/toolchain.md) - implementing them for two call sites wasn't worth the added parser/codegen complexity. - tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c is now libc-free: raw __sys_open/read/write/ lseek/close/exit (tools/host_syscalls.h, real bodies in the interim- only tools/host_syscalls_shim.c) instead of fopen/fread/fwrite/fseek/ fclose/exit/perror, and kernel/string.h instead of the system <string.h> (added strchr there for spec parsing). Host tools now build with -m32 throughout, matching CC's x86-32-only codegen and the syscall shim's calling convention. tools/run_tests.sh (full OS boot + shell + both languages) and tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh (CC's own battery) both stay green. EOF )"
[main f08a1b9] Phase T3: adapt kernel source for CC (behavior-preserving) 18 files changed, 357 insertions(+), 134 deletions(-) create mode 100644 kernel/builtins.h create mode 100644 kernel/builtins_shim.c create mode 100644 tools/host_syscalls.h create mode 100644 tools/host_syscalls_shim.c
{
"taskId": "11",
"status": "completed"
}Updated task #11 status
{
"query": "select:TaskUpdate",
"max_results": 3
}{
"taskId": "13",
"status": "in_progress"
}Updated task #13 status
1 ENTRY(_start)
2
3 SECTIONS
4 {
5 . = 0x10000; /* matches KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR in boot/stage2.S */
6
7 .text : {
8 *(.text.entry)
9 *(.text*)
10 }
11 .rodata : {
12 *(.rodata*)
13 }
14 .data : {
15 *(.data*)
16 }
17 .bss : {
18 _bss_start = .;
19 *(.bss*)
20 *(COMMON)
21 _bss_end = .;
22 }
23 }
24 $ grep -A2 "KERNEL_ASM_SRCS\|KERNEL_C_SRCS" /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/Makefile | head -12
KERNEL_C_SRCS := kernel/kmain.c kernel/console.c kernel/serial.c kernel/gdt.c \
kernel/idt.c kernel/string.c kernel/memory.c kernel/selftest.c \
kernel/ata.c kernel/fs/tinyfs.c kernel/fs/tinyfs_disk.c \
--
KERNEL_ASM_SRCS := kernel/entry.S kernel/idt_stubs.S
KERNEL_OBJS := $(patsubst kernel/%.S,$(BUILD)/%.o,$(KERNEL_ASM_SRCS)) \
$(patsubst kernel/%.c,$(BUILD)/%.o,$(KERNEL_C_SRCS))
KERNEL_ELF := $(BUILD)/kernel.elf
KERNEL_BIN := $(BUILD)/kernel.bin$ mkdir -p /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld cp /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as/elf_format.h /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/elf_format.h
(Bash completed with no output)
1 #pragma once 2 /* Minimal ELF32 structure/constant definitions - only what AS's elf_writer 3 * and (later) LD's elf_reader need. Defined locally rather than pulled 4 * from the system <elf.h> so this code doesn't quietly depend on a glibc 5 * header CC won't have access to once the toolchain self-hosts. */ 6 7 #include <stdint.h> 8 9 typedef uint32_t Elf32_Addr; 10 typedef uint32_t Elf32_Off;
#pragma once
/* LD: linker. See docs/toolchain.md for exactly what's supported and
* why. Native host tool (build infrastructure), not OS code.
*
* Two output modes, both sharing the same merge/resolve/relocate core
* (main.c): `link_flat` (kernel/link.ld's single-load-address layout -
* .text/.rodata/.data/.bss concatenated at a fixed base, for OBJCOPY to
* turn into a flat kernel image) and `link_static_exec` (a minimal
* static ELF32 executable the Linux kernel can run directly, for host
* tools - one PT_LOAD segment, no dynamic linking). Neither mode
* implements a general linker-script language: `link_flat`'s layout is
* hardcoded to match kernel/link.ld exactly (see link_flat.c), since
* that is the only layout this project's kernel ever needs. */
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
static inline void safe_strcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dstsize) {
size_t i = 0;
for (; i + 1 < dstsize && src[i]; i++) dst[i] = src[i];
dst[i] = '\0';
}
#define MAX_INPUT_FILES 32
#define MAX_SECTIONS_PER_FILE 16
#define MAX_SYMS_PER_FILE 512
#define MAX_RELOCS_PER_FILE 512
#define MAX_NAME 128
typedef enum { SEC_TEXT, SEC_RODATA, SEC_DATA, SEC_BSS, SEC_KIND_COUNT, SEC_KIND_OTHER } sec_kind_t;
typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME];
sec_kind_t kind; /* classified from the section name; SEC_KIND_OTHER is skipped (e.g. .symtab) */
int is_nobits; /* .bss: no file content, size still counts */
uint32_t file_off; /* offset of this section's bytes within in_file_t.data (PROGBITS only) */
uint32_t size;
uint32_t merged_off; /* filled in during layout: offset within the OUTPUT section of this kind */
} in_section_t;
typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME];
int defined; /* 0 = extern/undefined in this file */
int is_global;
int section_idx; /* index into this file's sections[], -1 if undefined */
uint32_t value; /* offset within that section, as given by the object file */
} in_symbol_t;
typedef struct {
int section_idx; /* which of this file's sections the relocation patches */
uint32_t offset; /* byte offset within that section */
int symbol_idx; /* which of this file's symbols is referenced */
int type; /* R_386_32 or R_386_PC32 */
} in_reloc_t;
typedef struct {
char filename[256];
uint8_t *data;
uint32_t data_len;
in_section_t sections[MAX_SECTIONS_PER_FILE];
int n_sections;
in_symbol_t syms[MAX_SYMS_PER_FILE];
int n_syms;
in_reloc_t relocs[MAX_RELOCS_PER_FILE];
int n_relocs;
} in_file_t;
/* Global (whole-link) symbol table entry - one per unique defined name
* across all input files, with its final linked address filled in once
* layout is decided. */
typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME];
uint32_t addr;
int defined;
} out_symbol_t;
#define MAX_OUT_SYMS 2048
typedef struct {
in_file_t files[MAX_INPUT_FILES];
int n_files;
out_symbol_t out_syms[MAX_OUT_SYMS];
int n_out_syms;
/* Merged section byte buffers - PROGBITS content only; .bss has no
* bytes here, just a size (merged_size[SEC_BSS]). */
uint8_t *merged_data[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
uint32_t merged_size[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
uint32_t merged_addr[SEC_KIND_COUNT]; /* filled in during layout */
} link_ctx_t;
/* elf_reader.c */
int read_object(const char *path, in_file_t *out);
/* main.c: shared merge/resolve/relocate core, used by both output modes */
out_symbol_t *find_out_sym(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *name);
/* link_flat.c / link_static_exec.c */
int write_flat_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path, uint32_t base);
int write_static_exec_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path);
File created successfully at: /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/ld.h (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
#include "ld.h"
#include "elf_format.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
static sec_kind_t classify_section(const char *name) {
if (strcmp(name, ".text") == 0) return SEC_TEXT;
if (strcmp(name, ".rodata") == 0) return SEC_RODATA;
if (strcmp(name, ".data") == 0) return SEC_DATA;
if (strcmp(name, ".bss") == 0) return SEC_BSS;
return SEC_KIND_OTHER;
}
static uint8_t *read_whole_file(const char *path, uint32_t *len_out) {
FILE *f = fopen(path, "rb");
if (!f) { fprintf(stderr, "ld: cannot open %s\n", path); exit(1); }
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
long n = ftell(f);
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
uint8_t *buf = malloc((size_t)n);
if (fread(buf, 1, (size_t)n, f) != (size_t)n) { fprintf(stderr, "ld: short read on %s\n", path); exit(1); }
fclose(f);
*len_out = (uint32_t)n;
return buf;
}
int read_object(const char *path, in_file_t *out) {
memset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));
safe_strcpy(out->filename, path, sizeof(out->filename));
out->data = read_whole_file(path, &out->data_len);
Elf32_Ehdr eh;
memcpy(&eh, out->data, sizeof(eh));
if (eh.e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 || eh.e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
eh.e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 || eh.e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3) {
fprintf(stderr, "ld: %s: not an ELF file\n", path);
return -1;
}
if (eh.e_type != ET_REL || eh.e_machine != EM_386) {
fprintf(stderr, "ld: %s: not an ELF32 x86 relocatable object\n", path);
return -1;
}
if (eh.e_shnum > MAX_SECTIONS_PER_FILE) {
fprintf(stderr, "ld: %s: too many sections\n", path);
return -1;
}
Elf32_Shdr shdrs[MAX_SECTIONS_PER_FILE];
for (int i = 0; i < eh.e_shnum; i++) {
memcpy(&shdrs[i], out->data + eh.e_shoff + (uint32_t)i * sizeof(Elf32_Shdr), sizeof(Elf32_Shdr));
}
const char *shstrtab = (const char *)(out->data + shdrs[eh.e_shstrndx].sh_offset);
out->n_sections = eh.e_shnum;
int symtab_idx = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < eh.e_shnum; i++) {
in_section_t *s = &out->sections[i];
safe_strcpy(s->name, shstrtab + shdrs[i].sh_name, sizeof(s->name));
s->kind = classify_section(s->name);
s->is_nobits = shdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_NOBITS;
s->file_off = shdrs[i].sh_offset;
s->size = shdrs[i].sh_size;
if (shdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) symtab_idx = i;
}
if (symtab_idx >= 0) {
const char *strtab = (const char *)(out->data + shdrs[shdrs[symtab_idx].sh_link].sh_offset);
uint32_t n = shdrs[symtab_idx].sh_size / sizeof(Elf32_Sym);
if (n > MAX_SYMS_PER_FILE) { fprintf(stderr, "ld: %s: too many symbols\n", path); return -1; }
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
Elf32_Sym sym;
memcpy(&sym, out->data + shdrs[symtab_idx].sh_offset + i * sizeof(Elf32_Sym), sizeof(sym));
in_symbol_t *is = &out->syms[out->n_syms++];
safe_strcpy(is->name, strtab + sym.st_name, sizeof(is->name));
is->is_global = (sym.st_info >> 4) == STB_GLOBAL;
is->defined = sym.st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF;
is->section_idx = is->defined ? sym.st_shndx : -1;
is->value = sym.st_value;
}
for (int i = 0; i < eh.e_shnum; i++) {
if (shdrs[i].sh_type != SHT_REL) continue;
int target_sec = (int)shdrs[i].sh_info;
uint32_t n_rel = shdrs[i].sh_size / sizeof(Elf32_Rel);
for (uint32_t j = 0; j < n_rel; j++) {
if (out->n_relocs >= MAX_RELOCS_PER_FILE) { fprintf(stderr, "ld: %s: too many relocations\n", path); return -1; }
Elf32_Rel rel;
memcpy(&rel, out->data + shdrs[i].sh_offset + j * sizeof(Elf32_Rel), sizeof(rel));
in_reloc_t *ir = &out->relocs[out->n_relocs++];
ir->section_idx = target_sec;
ir->offset = rel.r_offset;
ir->symbol_idx = (int)ELF32_R_SYM(rel.r_info);
ir->type = (int)ELF32_R_TYPE(rel.r_info);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
File created successfully at: /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/elf_reader.c (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
#include "ld.h"
#include "elf_format.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
out_symbol_t *find_out_sym(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *name) {
for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_out_syms; i++) {
if (strcmp(ctx->out_syms[i].name, name) == 0) return &ctx->out_syms[i];
}
return NULL;
}
/* Concatenates every input file's sections of each kind, in file order
* (the only "layout policy" this linker has - see docs/toolchain.md on
* why that's enough to match kernel/link.ld's `*(.text.entry) *(.text*)`
* behavior as long as entry.o is passed first, which the Makefile
* already does). Fills in_section_t.merged_off and the merged byte
* buffers; addresses are assigned afterward, per output mode. */
static void merge_sections(link_ctx_t *ctx) {
uint32_t cursor[SEC_KIND_COUNT] = {0};
for (int fi = 0; fi < ctx->n_files; fi++) {
in_file_t *file = &ctx->files[fi];
for (int si = 0; si < file->n_sections; si++) {
in_section_t *s = &file->sections[si];
if (s->kind == SEC_KIND_OTHER) continue;
s->merged_off = cursor[s->kind];
cursor[s->kind] += s->size;
}
}
for (int k = 0; k < SEC_KIND_COUNT; k++) {
ctx->merged_size[k] = cursor[k];
if (k != SEC_BSS && cursor[k] > 0) {
ctx->merged_data[k] = calloc(1, cursor[k]);
}
}
for (int fi = 0; fi < ctx->n_files; fi++) {
in_file_t *file = &ctx->files[fi];
for (int si = 0; si < file->n_sections; si++) {
in_section_t *s = &file->sections[si];
if (s->kind == SEC_KIND_OTHER || s->kind == SEC_BSS) continue;
memcpy(ctx->merged_data[s->kind] + s->merged_off, file->data + s->file_off, s->size);
}
}
}
static void build_global_symbol_table(link_ctx_t *ctx) {
for (int fi = 0; fi < ctx->n_files; fi++) {
in_file_t *file = &ctx->files[fi];
for (int si = 0; si < file->n_syms; si++) {
in_symbol_t *sym = &file->syms[si];
if (!sym->defined || !sym->is_global) continue;
in_section_t *sec = &file->sections[sym->section_idx];
if (sec->kind == SEC_KIND_OTHER) continue;
if (find_out_sym(ctx, sym->name)) {
fprintf(stderr, "ld: duplicate symbol '%s' (from %s)\n", sym->name, file->filename);
exit(1);
}
if (ctx->n_out_syms >= MAX_OUT_SYMS) { fprintf(stderr, "ld: too many symbols\n"); exit(1); }
out_symbol_t *out = &ctx->out_syms[ctx->n_out_syms++];
safe_strcpy(out->name, sym->name, MAX_NAME);
out->addr = ctx->merged_addr[sec->kind] + sec->merged_off + sym->value;
out->defined = 1;
}
}
}
static uint32_t sym_final_addr(link_ctx_t *ctx, in_file_t *file, int sym_idx) {
in_symbol_t *sym = &file->syms[sym_idx];
if (sym->defined) {
in_section_t *sec = &file->sections[sym->section_idx];
return ctx->merged_addr[sec->kind] + sec->merged_off + sym->value;
}
out_symbol_t *g = find_out_sym(ctx, sym->name);
if (!g) {
fprintf(stderr, "ld: undefined reference to '%s' (from %s)\n", sym->name, file->filename);
exit(1);
}
return g->addr;
}
/* x86 ELF uses REL (not RELA) relocations: AS already baked the addend
* into the bytes at each relocated field (see docs/toolchain.md), so
* applying one is just: read the addend back out, add S (R_386_32) or
* S - P (R_386_PC32, P = the relocated field's own final address), and
* write the result back over the same bytes. */
static void apply_relocations(link_ctx_t *ctx) {
for (int fi = 0; fi < ctx->n_files; fi++) {
in_file_t *file = &ctx->files[fi];
for (int ri = 0; ri < file->n_relocs; ri++) {
in_reloc_t *r = &file->relocs[ri];
in_section_t *target = &file->sections[r->section_idx];
if (target->kind == SEC_KIND_OTHER) continue;
uint32_t S = sym_final_addr(ctx, file, r->symbol_idx);
uint32_t P = ctx->merged_addr[target->kind] + target->merged_off + r->offset;
uint8_t *field = ctx->merged_data[target->kind] + target->merged_off + r->offset;
uint32_t A;
memcpy(&A, field, 4);
uint32_t value = (r->type == R_386_PC32) ? (S + A - P) : (S + A);
memcpy(field, &value, 4);
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
const char *outpath = NULL;
const char *inputs[MAX_INPUT_FILES];
int n_inputs = 0;
int flat_mode = 0;
uint32_t flat_base = 0x10000;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
if (strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) { outpath = argv[++i]; }
else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-T") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
/* Linker-script *presence* is the flat-mode switch; the
* script's own contents are never read - link_flat.c
* hardcodes the one layout this project's kernel needs
* (see docs/toolchain.md). */
flat_mode = 1;
i++;
}
else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--flat-base") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
flat_base = (uint32_t)strtoul(argv[++i], NULL, 0);
}
else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-m") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) { i++; /* -m elf_i386: accepted, always true */ }
else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-nostdlib") == 0) { /* accepted, always true - no libc ever linked */ }
else if (argv[i][0] == '-') { fprintf(stderr, "ld: unrecognized option '%s'\n", argv[i]); return 1; }
else { if (n_inputs < MAX_INPUT_FILES) inputs[n_inputs++] = argv[i]; }
}
if (!outpath || n_inputs == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: ld [-T <script>] [--flat-base 0xADDR] -o <out> <in.o>...\n");
return 1;
}
static link_ctx_t ctx;
memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
for (int i = 0; i < n_inputs; i++) {
if (read_object(inputs[i], &ctx.files[ctx.n_files]) != 0) return 1;
ctx.n_files++;
}
merge_sections(&ctx);
if (flat_mode) {
extern void flat_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *, uint32_t);
flat_assign_addresses(&ctx, flat_base);
} else {
extern void static_exec_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *);
static_exec_assign_addresses(&ctx);
}
build_global_symbol_table(&ctx);
apply_relocations(&ctx);
int rc = flat_mode ? write_flat_elf(&ctx, outpath, flat_base) : write_static_exec_elf(&ctx, outpath);
return rc == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}
File created successfully at: /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/main.c (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- /* link_flat.c / link_static_exec.c */ - int write_flat_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path, uint32_t base); - int write_static_exec_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path); + /* link_flat.c / link_static_exec.c: each mode exposes an address- + * assignment step (called before symbol resolution/relocation in + * main.c, since both need final addresses) and a writer (called after). */ + void flat_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t base); + int write_flat_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path, uint32_t base); + + void static_exec_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *ctx); + int write_static_exec_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path);
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/ld.h has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- if (flat_mode) {
- extern void flat_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *, uint32_t);
- flat_assign_addresses(&ctx, flat_base);
- } else {
- extern void static_exec_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *);
- static_exec_assign_addresses(&ctx);
- }
+ if (flat_mode) {
+ flat_assign_addresses(&ctx, flat_base);
+ } else {
+ static_exec_assign_addresses(&ctx);
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/main.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
#include "ld.h"
#include "elf_format.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
static uint32_t align4(uint32_t x) { return (x + 3) & ~3u; }
/* Hardcodes exactly kernel/link.ld's layout - base address, section
* order, and the _bss_start/_bss_end symbols entry.S relies on to zero
* .bss (see docs/toolchain.md on why a general linker-script language
* isn't implemented). */
void flat_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *ctx, uint32_t base) {
uint32_t addr = base;
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_TEXT] = addr;
addr = align4(addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_TEXT]);
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_RODATA] = addr;
addr = align4(addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_RODATA]);
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_DATA] = addr;
addr = align4(addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_DATA]);
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_BSS] = addr;
uint32_t bss_end = addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_BSS];
out_symbol_t *s1 = &ctx->out_syms[ctx->n_out_syms++];
safe_strcpy(s1->name, "_bss_start", MAX_NAME);
s1->addr = ctx->merged_addr[SEC_BSS];
s1->defined = 1;
out_symbol_t *s2 = &ctx->out_syms[ctx->n_out_syms++];
safe_strcpy(s2->name, "_bss_end", MAX_NAME);
s2->addr = bss_end;
s2->defined = 1;
}
typedef struct {
char buf[1 << 16];
uint32_t len;
} strtab_t;
static uint32_t strtab_add(strtab_t *st, const char *s) {
if (st->len == 0) { st->buf[0] = '\0'; st->len = 1; }
uint32_t off = st->len;
size_t n = strlen(s) + 1;
memcpy(st->buf + st->len, s, n);
st->len += (uint32_t)n;
return off;
}
static const char *SEC_NAMES[SEC_KIND_COUNT] = { ".text", ".rodata", ".data", ".bss" };
int write_flat_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path, uint32_t base) {
(void)base;
static strtab_t strtab, shstrtab;
memset(&strtab, 0, sizeof(strtab));
memset(&shstrtab, 0, sizeof(shstrtab));
/* section index plan: 0=NULL, 1..4=.text/.rodata/.data/.bss (only
* those with nonzero size), then .symtab, .strtab, .shstrtab */
int shidx[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
int nsh = 1;
uint32_t name_sec[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
for (int k = 0; k < SEC_KIND_COUNT; k++) {
shidx[k] = -1;
if (ctx->merged_size[k] == 0) continue;
shidx[k] = nsh++;
name_sec[k] = strtab_add(&shstrtab, SEC_NAMES[k]);
}
int shidx_symtab = nsh++;
uint32_t name_symtab = strtab_add(&shstrtab, ".symtab");
int shidx_strtab = nsh++;
uint32_t name_strtab = strtab_add(&shstrtab, ".strtab");
int shidx_shstrtab = nsh++;
uint32_t name_shstrtab = strtab_add(&shstrtab, ".shstrtab");
static Elf32_Sym symtab[MAX_OUT_SYMS + 1];
int nsym = 0;
symtab[nsym++] = (Elf32_Sym){0};
for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_out_syms; i++) {
out_symbol_t *s = &ctx->out_syms[i];
Elf32_Sym sym = {0};
sym.st_name = strtab_add(&strtab, s->name);
sym.st_info = (unsigned char)ELF32_ST_INFO(STB_GLOBAL, STT_NOTYPE);
sym.st_value = s->addr;
sym.st_shndx = 1; /* not meaningful for our purposes (address-based, not section-relative) once linked; any nonzero value marks it defined */
symtab[nsym++] = sym;
}
uint32_t off = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
uint32_t off_sec[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
for (int k = 0; k < SEC_KIND_COUNT; k++) {
if (shidx[k] < 0) continue;
off_sec[k] = off;
if (k != SEC_BSS) off += ctx->merged_size[k];
}
uint32_t off_symtab = off; off += (uint32_t)nsym * sizeof(Elf32_Sym);
uint32_t off_strtab = off; off += strtab.len;
uint32_t off_shstrtab = off; off += shstrtab.len;
uint32_t off_shdrs = (off + 3) & ~3u;
FILE *f = fopen(path, "wb");
if (!f) { perror("ld: fopen"); return -1; }
Elf32_Ehdr eh = {0};
eh.e_ident[0] = ELFMAG0; eh.e_ident[1] = ELFMAG1; eh.e_ident[2] = ELFMAG2; eh.e_ident[3] = ELFMAG3;
eh.e_ident[4] = ELFCLASS32; eh.e_ident[5] = ELFDATA2LSB; eh.e_ident[6] = EV_CURRENT;
eh.e_ident[7] = ELFOSABI_SYSV;
eh.e_type = ET_EXEC;
eh.e_machine = EM_386;
eh.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
out_symbol_t *entry = find_out_sym(ctx, "_start");
eh.e_entry = entry ? entry->addr : ctx->merged_addr[SEC_TEXT];
eh.e_shoff = off_shdrs;
eh.e_ehsize = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
eh.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Shdr);
eh.e_shnum = (Elf32_Half)nsh;
eh.e_shstrndx = (Elf32_Half)shidx_shstrtab;
fwrite(&eh, sizeof(eh), 1, f);
for (int k = 0; k < SEC_KIND_COUNT; k++) {
if (shidx[k] < 0 || k == SEC_BSS) continue;
fwrite(ctx->merged_data[k], 1, ctx->merged_size[k], f);
}
fwrite(symtab, sizeof(Elf32_Sym), (size_t)nsym, f);
fwrite(strtab.buf, 1, strtab.len, f);
fwrite(shstrtab.buf, 1, shstrtab.len, f);
while ((uint32_t)ftell(f) < off_shdrs) fputc(0, f);
Elf32_Shdr sh;
memset(&sh, 0, sizeof(sh));
fwrite(&sh, sizeof(sh), 1, f); /* NULL section */
for (int k = 0; k < SEC_KIND_COUNT; k++) {
if (shidx[k] < 0) continue;
memset(&sh, 0, sizeof(sh));
sh.sh_name = name_sec[k];
sh.sh_type = (k == SEC_BSS) ? SHT_NOBITS : SHT_PROGBITS;
sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC | (k == SEC_TEXT ? SHF_EXECINSTR : 0) | (k == SEC_TEXT ? 0 : SHF_WRITE);
sh.sh_addr = ctx->merged_addr[k];
sh.sh_offset = off_sec[k];
sh.sh_size = ctx->merged_size[k];
sh.sh_addralign = 4;
fwrite(&sh, sizeof(sh), 1, f);
}
memset(&sh, 0, sizeof(sh));
sh.sh_name = name_symtab;
sh.sh_type = SHT_SYMTAB;
sh.sh_offset = off_symtab;
sh.sh_size = (uint32_t)nsym * sizeof(Elf32_Sym);
sh.sh_link = (Elf32_Word)shidx_strtab;
sh.sh_info = 1; /* one local (null) symbol, rest are global - see AS's elf_writer.c for the full convention; not load-bearing here */
sh.sh_addralign = 4;
sh.sh_entsize = sizeof(Elf32_Sym);
fwrite(&sh, sizeof(sh), 1, f);
memset(&sh, 0, sizeof(sh));
sh.sh_name = name_strtab;
sh.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
sh.sh_offset = off_strtab;
sh.sh_size = strtab.len;
sh.sh_addralign = 1;
fwrite(&sh, sizeof(sh), 1, f);
memset(&sh, 0, sizeof(sh));
sh.sh_name = name_shstrtab;
sh.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
sh.sh_offset = off_shstrtab;
sh.sh_size = shstrtab.len;
sh.sh_addralign = 1;
fwrite(&sh, sizeof(sh), 1, f);
fclose(f);
return 0;
}
File created successfully at: /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/link_flat.c (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC | (k == SEC_TEXT ? SHF_EXECINSTR : 0) | (k == SEC_TEXT ? 0 : SHF_WRITE); + sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC | (k == SEC_TEXT ? SHF_EXECINSTR : 0) | ((k == SEC_DATA || k == SEC_BSS) ? SHF_WRITE : 0);
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/link_flat.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
#include "ld.h"
#include "elf_format.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
/* Classic default base for a 32-bit, non-PIE, statically-linked Linux
* executable. */
#define STATIC_EXEC_BASE 0x08048000u
static uint32_t align4(uint32_t x) { return (x + 3) & ~3u; }
void static_exec_assign_addresses(link_ctx_t *ctx) {
uint32_t header_size = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) + sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
uint32_t addr = STATIC_EXEC_BASE + header_size;
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_TEXT] = addr;
addr = align4(addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_TEXT]);
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_RODATA] = addr;
addr = align4(addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_RODATA]);
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_DATA] = addr;
addr = align4(addr + ctx->merged_size[SEC_DATA]);
ctx->merged_addr[SEC_BSS] = addr;
}
/* A single RWX PT_LOAD segment covering the whole file (header included -
* p_offset=0, p_vaddr=STATIC_EXEC_BASE, both trivially page-aligned since
* offset 0 always is). Real linkers split read-only/writable/executable
* regions into separate page-aligned segments; one segment is a
* deliberate simplification (this project's kernel.elf already accepts
* an "RWX LOAD segment" warning from GNU ld for the same reason - see
* docs/toolchain.md). No section header table: the Linux kernel's
* execve() loader only ever reads program headers, sections are purely
* a linker/debugger concern, so omitting them (e_shoff/e_shnum = 0) is a
* valid, smaller, and simpler ELF executable. */
int write_static_exec_elf(link_ctx_t *ctx, const char *path) {
uint32_t header_size = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr) + sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
uint32_t filesz = (ctx->merged_addr[SEC_DATA] + ctx->merged_size[SEC_DATA]) - STATIC_EXEC_BASE;
uint32_t memsz = (ctx->merged_addr[SEC_BSS] + ctx->merged_size[SEC_BSS]) - STATIC_EXEC_BASE;
out_symbol_t *entry = find_out_sym(ctx, "_start");
if (!entry) {
fprintf(stderr, "ld: no _start symbol - static executables need one (CC's --target=host always emits it)\n");
return -1;
}
FILE *f = fopen(path, "wb");
if (!f) { perror("ld: fopen"); return -1; }
Elf32_Ehdr eh = {0};
eh.e_ident[0] = ELFMAG0; eh.e_ident[1] = ELFMAG1; eh.e_ident[2] = ELFMAG2; eh.e_ident[3] = ELFMAG3;
eh.e_ident[4] = ELFCLASS32; eh.e_ident[5] = ELFDATA2LSB; eh.e_ident[6] = EV_CURRENT;
eh.e_ident[7] = ELFOSABI_SYSV;
eh.e_type = ET_EXEC;
eh.e_machine = EM_386;
eh.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
eh.e_entry = entry->addr;
eh.e_phoff = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
eh.e_ehsize = sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr);
eh.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
eh.e_phnum = 1;
fwrite(&eh, sizeof(eh), 1, f);
Elf32_Phdr ph = {0};
ph.p_type = PT_LOAD;
ph.p_offset = 0;
ph.p_vaddr = STATIC_EXEC_BASE;
ph.p_paddr = STATIC_EXEC_BASE;
ph.p_filesz = filesz;
ph.p_memsz = memsz;
ph.p_flags = PF_R | PF_W | PF_X;
ph.p_align = 0x1000;
fwrite(&ph, sizeof(ph), 1, f);
uint32_t cur = header_size;
fwrite(ctx->merged_data[SEC_TEXT], 1, ctx->merged_size[SEC_TEXT], f);
cur += ctx->merged_size[SEC_TEXT];
uint32_t rodata_off = ctx->merged_addr[SEC_RODATA] - STATIC_EXEC_BASE;
while (cur < rodata_off) { fputc(0, f); cur++; }
fwrite(ctx->merged_data[SEC_RODATA], 1, ctx->merged_size[SEC_RODATA], f);
cur += ctx->merged_size[SEC_RODATA];
uint32_t data_off = ctx->merged_addr[SEC_DATA] - STATIC_EXEC_BASE;
while (cur < data_off) { fputc(0, f); cur++; }
fwrite(ctx->merged_data[SEC_DATA], 1, ctx->merged_size[SEC_DATA], f);
/* .bss: no file content - covered by p_memsz > p_filesz, zero-filled by the loader */
fclose(f);
chmod(path, 0755);
return 0;
}
File created successfully at: /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/link_static_exec.c (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld gcc -Wall -Wextra -O0 -g -o /tmp/myld elf_reader.c link_flat.c link_static_exec.c main.c 2>&1 echo "compile exit=$?"
link_flat.c: In function ‘write_flat_elf’:
link_flat.c:69:9: warning: unused variable ‘shidx_symtab’ [-Wunused-variable]
69 | int shidx_symtab = nsh++;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
compile exit=0$ grep -n "shidx_symtab" /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/link_flat.c
69: int shidx_symtab = nsh++;
- int shidx_symtab = nsh++; - uint32_t name_symtab = strtab_add(&shstrtab, ".symtab"); + nsh++; /* .symtab's own index isn't referenced by anything else here */ + uint32_t name_symtab = strtab_add(&shstrtab, ".symtab");
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/link_flat.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld gcc -Wall -Wextra -O0 -g -o /tmp/myld elf_reader.c link_flat.c link_static_exec.c main.c 2>&1 echo "compile exit=$?"
compile exit=0
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude rm -rf build/toolchain build/toolchain_tests ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -3 ls build/toolchain_tests/*.o 2>/dev/null | head -3
PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS build/toolchain_tests/t01_basic.o build/toolchain_tests/t02_control.o build/toolchain_tests/t02_types.o
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude for t in t01_basic t02_control t02_types t03_recursion t04_pointers t05_structs; do /tmp/myld -o /tmp/ld_$t build/toolchain_tests/$t.o echo -n "$t: link exit=$? " /tmp/ld_$t echo "run exit=$?" done
t01_basic: link exit=0 run exit=5 t02_control: link exit=0 run exit=7 t02_types: link exit=0 run exit=42 t03_recursion: link exit=0 run exit=55 t04_pointers: link exit=0 run exit=31 t05_structs: link exit=0 run exit=17
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude make clean >/dev/null make build/kernel.elf 2>&1 | tail -5 ls build/*.o build/fs/*.o build/lang/*.o build/lang/*/*.o build/shell/*.o 2>/dev/null | wc -l
gcc -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-pic -fno-stack-protector -fno-builtin -nostdlib -Wall -Wextra -O2 -std=c11 -Ikernel -c -o build/lang/compiler/parser.o kernel/lang/compiler/parser.c gcc -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-pic -fno-stack-protector -fno-builtin -nostdlib -Wall -Wextra -O2 -std=c11 -Ikernel -c -o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o kernel/lang/compiler/codegen.c gcc -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-pic -fno-stack-protector -fno-builtin -nostdlib -Wall -Wextra -O2 -std=c11 -Ikernel -c -o build/lang/vm.o kernel/lang/vm.c ld -m elf_i386 -T kernel/link.ld -nostdlib -o build/kernel.elf build/entry.o build/idt_stubs.o build/kmain.o build/console.o build/serial.o build/gdt.o build/idt.o build/string.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o build/ata.o build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/keyboard.o build/shell/shell.o build/builtins_shim.o build/lang/lexer.o build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/script/eval.o build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/vm.o ld: warning: build/kernel.elf has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions 23
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude /tmp/myld -T kernel/link.ld -o /tmp/myld_kernel.elf \ build/entry.o build/idt_stubs.o build/kmain.o build/console.o build/serial.o \ build/gdt.o build/idt.o build/string.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o \ build/ata.o build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/keyboard.o \ build/shell/shell.o build/builtins_shim.o build/lang/lexer.o \ build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/script/eval.o \ build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/vm.o echo "link exit=$?" ls -la /tmp/myld_kernel.elf
link exit=0 -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 39132 Jul 18 12:04 /tmp/myld_kernel.elf
$ readelf -h /tmp/myld_kernel.elf 2>&1 | head -12 echo "---" readelf -S /tmp/myld_kernel.elf 2>&1 echo "---symbols spot check---" nm /tmp/myld_kernel.elf 2>&1 | grep -E " (kmain|_start|_bss_start|_bss_end|isr_handler|isr_stub_0)$"
ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Class: ELF32 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Intel 80386 Version: 0x1 Entry point address: 0x10000 Start of program headers: 0 (bytes into file) --- There are 8 section headers, starting at offset 0x979c: Section Headers: [Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al [ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0 [ 1] .text PROGBITS 00010000 000034 0089e9 00 AX 0 0 4 [ 2] .rodata PROGBITS 000189ec 008a1d 000372 00 A 0 0 4 [ 3] .data PROGBITS 00018d60 008d8f 000084 00 WA 0 0 4 [ 4] .bss NOBITS 00018de4 008e13 00d859 00 WA 0 0 4 [ 5] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 008e13 000560 10 6 1 4 [ 6] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 009373 0003f5 00 0 0 1 [ 7] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 009768 000034 00 0 0 1 Key to Flags: W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info), L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS), C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude), D (mbind), p (processor specific) ---symbols spot check--- 0002663d T _bss_end 00018de4 T _bss_start 000104ee T isr_handler 00010000 T isr_stub_0 000100db T kmain
$ nm /tmp/myld_kernel.elf 2>&1 | grep "_start" echo "---" nm /tmp/myld_kernel.elf 2>&1 | sort | head -20
00018de4 T _bss_start --- 00010000 T isr_stub_0 00010009 T isr_stub_1 00010012 T isr_stub_2 0001001b T isr_stub_3 00010024 T isr_stub_4 0001002d T isr_stub_5 00010036 T isr_stub_6 0001003f T isr_stub_7 00010048 T isr_stub_8 0001004c T isr_stub_9 00010052 T isr_stub_10 00010056 T isr_stub_11 0001005a T isr_stub_12 0001005e T isr_stub_13 00010062 T isr_stub_14 00010066 T isr_stub_15 0001006c T isr_stub_16 00010072 T isr_stub_17 00010076 T isr_stub_18 0001007c T isr_stub_19
$ nm build/entry.o 2>&1 echo "---readelf symtab---" readelf -s build/entry.o 2>&1
U _bss_end
U _bss_start
U kmain
00000000 b stack_bottom
00004000 b stack_top
00000000 R _start
0000001b r _start.hang
---readelf symtab---
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 11 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS kernel/entry.S
2: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1 .text.entry
3: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2 .bss
4: 0000001b 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 _start.hang
5: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 2 stack_bottom
6: 00004000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 2 stack_top
7: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND kmain
8: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _bss_start
9: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND _bss_end
10: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 1 _start$ grep -n "classify_section" -A6 /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/elf_reader.c
8:static sec_kind_t classify_section(const char *name) {
9- if (strcmp(name, ".text") == 0) return SEC_TEXT;
10- if (strcmp(name, ".rodata") == 0) return SEC_RODATA;
11- if (strcmp(name, ".data") == 0) return SEC_DATA;
12- if (strcmp(name, ".bss") == 0) return SEC_BSS;
13- return SEC_KIND_OTHER;
14-}
--
61: s->kind = classify_section(s->name);
62- s->is_nobits = shdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_NOBITS;
63- s->file_off = shdrs[i].sh_offset;
64- s->size = shdrs[i].sh_size;
65- if (shdrs[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) symtab_idx = i;
66- }
67-- static sec_kind_t classify_section(const char *name) {
- if (strcmp(name, ".text") == 0) return SEC_TEXT;
- if (strcmp(name, ".rodata") == 0) return SEC_RODATA;
- if (strcmp(name, ".data") == 0) return SEC_DATA;
- if (strcmp(name, ".bss") == 0) return SEC_BSS;
- return SEC_KIND_OTHER;
- }
+ /* Prefix match (matches real linker scripts' `*(.text*)` wildcard
+ * convention), not exact - AS's own object files always name a section
+ * exactly ".text"/".data"/etc, but object files from other assemblers
+ * (e.g. this project's own kernel/entry.S, still assembled by nasm
+ * until Phase T7's switchover, names its section ".text.entry") use the
+ * variant names this is meant to catch too. Caught by testing LD against
+ * the *current* nasm-built objects, not just AS's own output - see
+ * docs/toolchain.md. */
+ static sec_kind_t classify_section(const char *name) {
+ if (strncmp(name, ".text", 5) == 0) return SEC_TEXT;
+ if (strncmp(name, ".rodata", 7) == 0) return SEC_RODATA;
+ if (strncmp(name, ".data", 5) == 0) return SEC_DATA;
+ if (strncmp(name, ".bss", 4) == 0) return SEC_BSS;
+ return SEC_KIND_OTHER;
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld/elf_reader.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/ld gcc -Wall -Wextra -O0 -g -o /tmp/myld elf_reader.c link_flat.c link_static_exec.c main.c 2>&1 echo "compile exit=$?" cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude /tmp/myld -T kernel/link.ld -o /tmp/myld_kernel.elf \ build/entry.o build/idt_stubs.o build/kmain.o build/console.o build/serial.o \ build/gdt.o build/idt.o build/string.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o \ build/ata.o build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/keyboard.o \ build/shell/shell.o build/builtins_shim.o build/lang/lexer.o \ build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/script/eval.o \ build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/vm.o echo "link exit=$?" nm /tmp/myld_kernel.elf 2>&1 | grep -w "_start\|isr_stub_0\|kmain"
compile exit=0 link exit=0 0001001e T isr_stub_0 000100f9 T kmain 00010000 T _start
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude objcopy -O binary /tmp/myld_kernel.elf /tmp/myld_kernel.bin ls -la /tmp/myld_kernel.bin stat -c%s /tmp/myld_kernel.bin
-rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 38764 Jul 18 12:06 /tmp/myld_kernel.bin 38764
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude cp build/disk.img /tmp/myld_test.img 2>/dev/null || (make >/dev/null 2>&1 && cp build/disk.img /tmp/myld_test.img) dd if=/tmp/myld_kernel.bin of=/tmp/myld_test.img bs=512 seek=5 conv=notrunc status=none # zero out the rest of the kernel region in case the new binary is smaller than before (avoid stale bytes) timeout 5 qemu-system-i386 -drive file=/tmp/myld_test.img,format=raw -display none -serial stdio -no-reboot echo "exit=$?"
tiny-os: kernel entered selftest: running SELFTEST PASS tiny-os shell. type 'help' for commands. > qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3110010 (timeout) exit=124
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/myas_entry.o kernel/entry.S 2>&1 || (cp /tmp/myas build/toolchain/as 2>/dev/null; /tmp/myas -f elf32 -o /tmp/myas_entry.o kernel/entry.S) /tmp/myas -f elf32 -o /tmp/myas_idt_stubs.o kernel/idt_stubs.S echo "assemble exit=$?" /tmp/myld -T kernel/link.ld -o /tmp/myld_kernel2.elf \ /tmp/myas_entry.o /tmp/myas_idt_stubs.o build/kmain.o build/console.o build/serial.o \ build/gdt.o build/idt.o build/string.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o \ build/ata.o build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/keyboard.o \ build/shell/shell.o build/builtins_shim.o build/lang/lexer.o \ build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/script/eval.o \ build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/vm.o echo "link exit=$?"
/bin/bash: line 13: build/toolchain/as: No such file or directory assemble exit=0 link exit=0
$ ls -la /tmp/myas /tmp/myas_entry.o /tmp/myas_idt_stubs.o 2>&1
-rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 111336 Jul 18 08:30 /tmp/myas -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 644 Jul 18 12:06 /tmp/myas_entry.o -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 2312 Jul 18 12:06 /tmp/myas_idt_stubs.o
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o /tmp/myas lexer.c parser.c encode.c bin_writer.c elf_writer.c main.c 2>&1 echo "AS rebuild exit=$?" cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude /tmp/myas -f elf32 -o /tmp/myas_entry.o kernel/entry.S /tmp/myas -f elf32 -o /tmp/myas_idt_stubs.o kernel/idt_stubs.S echo "assemble exit=$?" /tmp/myld -T kernel/link.ld -o /tmp/myld_kernel2.elf \ /tmp/myas_entry.o /tmp/myas_idt_stubs.o build/kmain.o build/console.o build/serial.o \ build/gdt.o build/idt.o build/string.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o \ build/ata.o build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/keyboard.o \ build/shell/shell.o build/builtins_shim.o build/lang/lexer.o \ build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/script/eval.o \ build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/vm.o echo "link exit=$?" nm /tmp/myld_kernel2.elf 2>&1 | grep -w "_start\|isr_stub_0\|kmain\|isr_handler"
AS rebuild exit=0 assemble exit=0 link exit=0 00010605 T isr_handler 00010021 T isr_stub_0 000101f2 T kmain 00010000 T _start
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude objcopy -O binary /tmp/myld_kernel2.elf /tmp/myld_kernel2.bin cp build/disk.img /tmp/myld_test2.img dd if=/tmp/myld_kernel2.bin of=/tmp/myld_test2.img bs=512 seek=5 conv=notrunc status=none timeout 5 qemu-system-i386 -drive file=/tmp/myld_test2.img,format=raw -display none -serial stdio -no-reboot echo "exit=$?"
tiny-os: kernel entered selftest: running SELFTEST PASS tiny-os shell. type 'help' for commands. > qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3110402 (timeout) exit=124
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude rm -f /tmp/ldtest_mon.sock /tmp/ldtest_serial.log qemu-system-i386 -drive file=/tmp/myld_test2.img,format=raw -display none \ -serial file:/tmp/ldtest_serial.log -monitor unix:/tmp/ldtest_mon.sock,server,nowait -no-reboot & QPID=$! for i in $(seq 1 25); do [ -S /tmp/ldtest_mon.sock ] && break; sleep 0.2; done sleep 0.5 python3 tools/qemu_type.py /tmp/ldtest_mon.sock $'ls\n' sleep 0.3 python3 tools/qemu_type.py /tmp/ldtest_mon.sock $'run hello.tsh\n' sleep 0.5 python3 tools/qemu_type.py /tmp/ldtest_mon.sock $'build hello.tc hello.tbc\n' sleep 0.3 python3 tools/qemu_type.py /tmp/ldtest_mon.sock $'exec hello.tbc\n' sleep 0.5 kill $QPID 2>/dev/null wait $QPID 2>/dev/null cat /tmp/ldtest_serial.log
qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3110486 (/bin/bash) tiny-os: kernel entered selftest: running SELFTEST PASS tiny-os shell. type 'help' for commands. > ls hello.txt 15 hello.tsh 281 hello.tc 272 > run hello.tsh hello from tinyfs script x = 14 add(3,4) = 7 loop 0 loop 1 loop 2 written by script > build hello.tc hello.tbc build: ok > exec hello.tbc 14 7 55 10 >
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/cc -I toolchain/include --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c 2>&1 echo "tinyfs.c compile exit=$?"
/bin/bash: line 4: build/toolchain/cc: No such file or directory tinyfs.c compile exit=127
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/lexer.c toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c toolchain/cc/types.c toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/builtins.c toolchain/cc/main.c mkdir -p build/toolchain gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/lexer.c toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c toolchain/cc/types.c toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/builtins.c toolchain/cc/main.c echo "build exit=$?" build/toolchain/cc -I toolchain/include --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_tinyfs_lib.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c echo "tinyfs.c compile exit=$?"
/bin/ld: cannot open output file build/toolchain/cc: No such file or directory collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status build exit=0 cc: kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:7: cannot find include file 'string.h' tinyfs.c compile exit=1
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/cc -I toolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_tinyfs_lib.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c echo "tinyfs.c compile exit=$?"
cc: kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:7: cannot find include file 'string.h' tinyfs.c compile exit=1
$ ls -la /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/string.h echo "---" ls -la /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/include/
-rw-r----- 1 martin martin 429 Jul 18 08:43 /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/string.h --- total 32 drwxr-x--- 2 martin martin 4096 Jul 18 08:03 . drwxr-x--- 6 martin martin 4096 Jul 18 12:00 .. -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 68 Jul 18 08:03 stddef.h -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 496 Jul 18 08:03 stdint.h
$ grep -n '"-I"' /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/main.c
15: else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-I") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {1 #include "cc.h"
2
3 #include <stdio.h>
4 #include <stdlib.h>
5 #include <string.h>
6
7 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
8 const char *inpath = NULL;
9 const char *outpath = NULL;
10 cc_target_t target = TARGET_KERNEL;
11 int parse_only = 0;
12
13 for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
14 if (strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) { outpath = argv[++i]; }
15 else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-I") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
16 if (g_n_include_dirs < MAX_INCLUDE_DIRS) g_include_dirs[g_n_include_dirs++] = argv[++i];
17 }
18 else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--target=", 9) == 0) {
19 target = strcmp(argv[i] + 9, "host") == 0 ? TARGET_HOST : TARGET_KERNEL;
20 }
21 else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--parse-only") == 0) { parse_only = 1; }
22 else { inpath = argv[i]; }
23 }
24 if (!inpath) {
25 fprintf(stderr, "usage: cc [-I dir]... [--target=kernel|host] -o <out.S> <in.c>\n");
26 return 1;
27 }
28
29 static token_t toks[MAX_TOKENS];
30 int n_toks = 0;
31 pp_process_file(inpath, toks, &n_toks, MAX_TOKENS);
32
33 node_t *prog = cc_parse(toks, n_toks);
34
35 if (parse_only) {
36 printf("cc: parsed %s OK\n", inpath);
37 return 0;
38 }
39
40 if (!outpath) {
41 fprintf(stderr, "cc: -o <out.S> required\n");
42 return 1;
43 }
44 FILE *out = fopen(outpath, "w");
45 if (!out) { perror("cc: fopen"); return 1; }
46 codegen_emit(prog, out, target);
47 fclose(out);
48 return 0;
49 }
50 - if (strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) { outpath = argv[++i]; }
- else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-I") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
- if (g_n_include_dirs < MAX_INCLUDE_DIRS) g_include_dirs[g_n_include_dirs++] = argv[++i];
- }
- else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--target=", 9) == 0) {
+ if (strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) { outpath = argv[++i]; }
+ else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-I") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
+ if (g_n_include_dirs < MAX_INCLUDE_DIRS) g_include_dirs[g_n_include_dirs++] = argv[++i];
+ }
+ else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-I", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2] != '\0') {
+ /* gcc-compatible combined form (-Ikernel, no space) - the
+ * real Makefile's CFLAGS uses exactly this form. */
+ if (g_n_include_dirs < MAX_INCLUDE_DIRS) g_include_dirs[g_n_include_dirs++] = argv[i] + 2;
+ }
+ else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--target=", 9) == 0) {The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/main.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--parse-only") == 0) { parse_only = 1; }
- else { inpath = argv[i]; }
+ else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--parse-only") == 0) { parse_only = 1; }
+ else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-c") == 0) { /* implied: one file in, one .S out - accepted, no-op */ }
+ else if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
+ /* Tolerate the rest of a real compiler invocation's flags
+ * (-Wall, -O2, -std=c11, -m32, -ffreestanding, ...) rather
+ * than erroring or (worse) mistaking one for the input
+ * file - the Makefile passes these unchanged either way,
+ * since CC is meant to be a drop-in gcc replacement for
+ * this project's exact build commands (see docs/toolchain.md). */
+ }
+ else { inpath = argv[i]; }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/main.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/lexer.c toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c toolchain/cc/types.c toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/builtins.c toolchain/cc/main.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_tinyfs_lib.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c echo "tinyfs.c compile exit=$?"
cc: kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?') tinyfs.c compile exit=1
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <stddef.h> 4 5 void *memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n); 6 void *memset(void *dst, int val, size_t n); 7 size_t strlen(const char *s); 8 int strcmp(const char *a, const char *b); 9 char *strchr(const char *s, int c); 10 11 /* Writes the decimal (base 10) or hex (base 16) representation of value 12 * into buf (caller-provided, must be large enough) and returns buf. */ 13 char *itoa(int value, char *buf, int base); 14
$ grep -n "?" /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.c /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.h
/home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:188: uint32_t chunk = remaining < TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE ? remaining : TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE; /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:210: uint32_t n = ino->size < max_len ? ino->size : max_len; /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:217: uint32_t chunk = (n - copied) < TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE ? (n - copied) : TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
$ grep -n "TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE" /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.h
10:#define TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE 512 32:#define TINYFS_MAX_FILE_SIZE (TINYFS_DIRECT_BLOCKS * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE)
$ cat > /tmp/macro_test.c <<'EOF'
#define FOO 512
int main(void) {
int remaining = 10;
int chunk = remaining < FOO ? remaining : FOO;
return chunk;
}
EOF
cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
build/toolchain/cc --parse-only -o /tmp/macro_test.S /tmp/macro_test.c
echo "exit=$?"cc: parsed /tmp/macro_test.c OK exit=0
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --parse-only kernel/fs/tinyfs.c echo "exit=$?"
cc: kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?') exit=1
1 #include "tinyfs.h"
2
3 /* Resolves to kernel/string.h under the freestanding kernel build
4 * (-Ikernel puts it ahead of the system header) and to the host libc
5 * <string.h> when this file is compiled natively for tools/mkfs_tinyfs -
6 * same declarations (memcpy/memset/strlen/strcmp) either way. */
7 #include "string.h"
8
9 static tinyfs_block_read_fn block_read;
10 static tinyfs_block_write_fn block_write;
11
12 static tinyfs_superblock_t sb;
13 static uint8_t bitmap[TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE];
14 static tinyfs_inode_t inode_table[TINYFS_NUM_INODES];
15
16 void tinyfs_init(tinyfs_block_read_fn read_fn, tinyfs_block_write_fn write_fn) {
17 block_read = read_fn;
18 block_write = write_fn;
19 }
20
21 static void load_bitmap(void) {
22 for (uint32_t i = 0; i < TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS; i++) {
23 block_read(TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + i, bitmap + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
24 }
25 }
26
27 static void save_bitmap(void) {
28 for (uint32_t i = 0; i < TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS; i++) {
29 block_write(TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + i, bitmap + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
30 }$ grep -n "#include" /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/kernel/fs/tinyfs.h
8:#include <stdint.h>
$ grep -n "paths\[" /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c
123: static char paths[MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH][600]; 124: safe_strcpy(paths[depth], resolved, sizeof(paths[depth])); 126: lexer_init(&sub, src, paths[depth]); 127: process_lexer(&sub, paths[depth], out, out_n, cap, depth + 1);
This session is being continued from a previous conversation that ran out of context. The summary below covers the earlier portion of the conversation.
Summary:
1. Primary Request and Intent:
This is a long-running project building a from-scratch tiny OS ("boot-to-claude" at `/home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude`) for QEMU/KVM with the constraint that 100% of the code is Claude-authored. After the OS itself was complete (bootloader, kernel, tinyfs filesystem, shell, scripting language, bytecode compiler+VM — all in earlier, now-summarized parts of the conversation), the user's current arc of requests has been:
- "now I want to use it, tell me how to boot and how to use" (answered; unrelated to toolchain work)
- "when I type 'make run', it starts, but when I type I don't see anything" → diagnosed as `-display none` having no PS/2 input surface; added `make run-gui` target to the Makefile.
- "do T3/T4" (later corrected/clarified as "do T2/T4") — requested building a **self-hosted toolchain** (assembler `AS`, C compiler `CC`, linker `LD`, `OBJCOPY`) to replace nasm/gcc/ld/objcopy, with `CC` itself self-hosted (able to compile itself). This required an extensive planning phase (research + clarifying questions + a 9-phase plan T1–T9) before implementation.
- "Do T3." — explicit instruction to complete Phase T3 (kernel source adaptation) after T1/T2/T4 were done.
- "Proceed with T5" — explicit instruction to build Phase T5 (`LD`, the linker), which is the phase actively in progress when this summary was requested.
The overarching intent for the toolchain arc: build `AS`, `CC`, `LD`, `OBJCOPY` as genuinely working, Claude-authored tools (native host programs, not OS code) that can eventually replace nasm/gcc/ld/objcopy for building this OS, with `CC` capable of compiling itself (self-hosting, verified via a 3-stage bootstrap in a later phase). Every phase must be rigorously verified via actual execution (QEMU boots, host program runs with checked exit codes), not just "compiles clean." The user has consistently rewarded (via approval/silence, no corrections) this rigor: catching and fixing real bugs via testing, terse commit messages, and phase-by-phase incremental commits.
2. Key Technical Concepts:
- x86-32 protected-mode freestanding kernel development; NASM-style assembly syntax; ELF32 object file format (`Elf32_Ehdr`/`Shdr`/`Sym`/`Rel`/`Phdr`), `R_386_32`/`R_386_PC32` relocations with x86's implicit-addend (REL, not RELA) convention.
- Self-hosted toolchain architecture: `AS` (assembler, `toolchain/as/`), `CC` (C compiler for a scoped "tinyC" dialect, `toolchain/cc/`), `LD` (linker, `toolchain/ld/`), `OBJCOPY` (not yet built).
- Two-pass assembler design (pass 1: build symbol table with fixed-size encoding; pass 2: emit bytes + relocations) — established in Phase T1.
- CC's builtin mechanism: fixed-name functions (`__builtin_outb`, `__sys_open`, etc.) intercepted directly in codegen instead of parsing GCC-extended inline asm; interim GCC-compatible "shim" `.c` files provide real bodies for the current (pre-switchover) build, dropped in Phase T7.
- Linker design: two output modes sharing one merge/resolve/relocate core — `link_flat` (kernel's `link.ld`-style single-base-address layout, hardcoded not parsed from a real linker script) and `link_static_exec` (minimal static ELF32 `ET_EXEC` for host tools, single RWX `PT_LOAD` segment, no section headers, base `0x08048000`).
- File-order-based section concatenation as a deliberate simplification replacing general linker-script section-pattern matching (relies on `entry.o` being passed first on the command line, which the Makefile already does).
- Verification philosophy established across all phases: prefer functional verification (QEMU boot, host execution with exit-code checks) over structural/byte-diff verification; test against both the *existing* toolchain's outputs (nasm/gcc) and the *new* toolchain's own outputs, to catch cross-compatibility bugs.
- Host tools going "libc-free": raw Linux x86-32 `int 0x80` syscalls (`__sys_open/read/write/lseek/close/exit`) instead of libc file I/O, so the same source compiles unchanged whether built by GCC (via a shim) or eventually by `CC` (direct interception).
3. Files and Code Sections:
**`toolchain/ld/elf_format.h`** (new, copied verbatim from `toolchain/as/elf_format.h`)
- Self-contained ELF32 struct/constant definitions (`Elf32_Ehdr`, `Elf32_Shdr`, `Elf32_Sym`, `Elf32_Rel`, `Elf32_Phdr`, `PT_LOAD`, `PF_R/W/X`, etc.) — deliberately not pulled from system `<elf.h>` so this code doesn't depend on a glibc header `CC` won't have access to once self-hosted.
**`toolchain/ld/ld.h`** (new) — shared internal types:
```c
typedef enum { SEC_TEXT, SEC_RODATA, SEC_DATA, SEC_BSS, SEC_KIND_COUNT, SEC_KIND_OTHER } sec_kind_t;
typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME];
sec_kind_t kind;
int is_nobits;
uint32_t file_off;
uint32_t size;
uint32_t merged_off;
} in_section_t;
typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME];
int defined;
int is_global;
int section_idx;
uint32_t value;
} in_symbol_t;
typedef struct {
int section_idx;
uint32_t offset;
int symbol_idx;
int type;
} in_reloc_t;
typedef struct {
char filename[256];
uint8_t *data;
uint32_t data_len;
in_section_t sections[MAX_SECTIONS_PER_FILE];
int n_sections;
in_symbol_t syms[MAX_SYMS_PER_FILE];
int n_syms;
in_reloc_t relocs[MAX_RELOCS_PER_FILE];
int n_relocs;
} in_file_t;
typedef struct {
char name[MAX_NAME];
uint32_t addr;
int defined;
} out_symbol_t;
typedef struct {
in_file_t files[MAX_INPUT_FILES];
int n_files;
out_symbol_t out_syms[MAX_OUT_SYMS];
int n_out_syms;
uint8_t *merged_data[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
uint32_t merged_size[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
uint32_t merged_addr[SEC_KIND_COUNT];
} link_ctx_t;
```
Also declares `read_object`, `find_out_sym`, `flat_assign_addresses`/`write_flat_elf`, `static_exec_assign_addresses`/`write_static_exec_elf`.
**`toolchain/ld/elf_reader.c`** (new) — parses one ELF32 `.o` into `in_file_t`. Sections are stored indexed **directly by their raw ELF section header index** (not remapped), so symbol `st_shndx` and relocation `sh_info` map straight into `sections[]`. Contains the critical bug fix:
```c
/* Prefix match (matches real linker scripts' `*(.text*)` wildcard
* convention), not exact - AS's own object files always name a section
* exactly ".text"/".data"/etc, but object files from other assemblers
* (e.g. this project's own kernel/entry.S, still assembled by nasm
* until Phase T7's switchover, names its section ".text.entry") use the
* variant names this is meant to catch too. Caught by testing LD against
* the *current* nasm-built objects, not just AS's own output - see
* docs/toolchain.md. */
static sec_kind_t classify_section(const char *name) {
if (strncmp(name, ".text", 5) == 0) return SEC_TEXT;
if (strncmp(name, ".rodata", 7) == 0) return SEC_RODATA;
if (strncmp(name, ".data", 5) == 0) return SEC_DATA;
if (strncmp(name, ".bss", 4) == 0) return SEC_BSS;
return SEC_KIND_OTHER;
}
```
(Originally used exact `strcmp`, which silently dropped `_start` since nasm names entry.S's section `.text.entry`.)
**`toolchain/ld/main.c`** (new) — CLI + shared merge/resolve/relocate driver:
- `merge_sections`: concatenates each input file's sections by kind, in file-command-line order, filling `merged_off`/`merged_data`/`merged_size`.
- `build_global_symbol_table`: collects every file's global defined symbols into `ctx->out_syms`, erroring on duplicates.
- `sym_final_addr`/`apply_relocations`: resolves each relocation's symbol (locally within the file, or via the global table for externs) and patches bytes using x86 REL semantics (`value = S+A` for `R_386_32`, `value = S+A-P` for `R_386_PC32`, where `A` is read back from the existing bytes since AS already baked the addend in).
- CLI: `-o`, `-T <script>` (mode switch to flat; script *contents* are never read), `--flat-base 0xADDR`, `-m`/`-nostdlib` (accepted no-ops for gcc/ld-invocation compatibility).
**`toolchain/ld/link_flat.c`** (new) — kernel image layout, hardcoding `kernel/link.ld`'s exact layout (base `0x10000`, `.text`/`.rodata`/`.data`/`.bss` 4-byte-aligned in sequence, injects `_bss_start`/`_bss_end` symbols). `write_flat_elf` produces an `ET_EXEC` with real section headers (`SHF_ALLOC`, correct `sh_addr`) plus a symbol table, for `objcopy` (still GNU's, until T6) to extract.
**`toolchain/ld/link_static_exec.c`** (new) — minimal real Linux-executable ELF32: base `0x08048000`, single `PT_LOAD` segment covering the whole file from offset 0 (RWX permissions, matching the project's existing acceptance of an "RWX LOAD segment" warning), `.bss` covered only by `p_memsz > p_filesz` (zero-filled by the kernel loader), **no section header table at all** (`e_shoff=0`), entry point = `_start` symbol's address, `chmod(path, 0755)` after writing.
**`toolchain/cc/main.c`** (modified) — two bug fixes found while completing T5's mkfs_tinyfs verification:
```c
else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-I", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2] != '\0') {
/* gcc-compatible combined form (-Ikernel, no space) - the
* real Makefile's CFLAGS uses exactly this form. */
if (g_n_include_dirs < MAX_INCLUDE_DIRS) g_include_dirs[g_n_include_dirs++] = argv[i] + 2;
}
```
and
```c
else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-c") == 0) { /* implied: one file in, one .S out - accepted, no-op */ }
else if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
/* Tolerate the rest of a real compiler invocation's flags
* (-Wall, -O2, -std=c11, -m32, -ffreestanding, ...) rather
* than erroring or (worse) mistaking one for the input
* file - the Makefile passes these unchanged either way,
* since CC is meant to be a drop-in gcc replacement for
* this project's exact build commands (see docs/toolchain.md). */
}
else { inpath = argv[i]; }
```
(Previously any unrecognized flag fell into the final `else` and was mistaken for the input filename.)
**`kernel/fs/tinyfs.c`**, **`kernel/fs/tinyfs.h`**, **`kernel/string.h`** — read/inspected while debugging the preprocessor bug (see Errors section); not yet modified. `tinyfs.c` structure: `#include "tinyfs.h"` then `#include "string.h"` (both quote-form), followed by static globals and functions using `TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS`/`TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE`/etc. macros and ternary expressions (e.g. line 188: `uint32_t chunk = remaining < TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE ? remaining : TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE;`). `tinyfs.h` includes only `<stdint.h>` (no other nested includes) — confirmed via `grep -n "#include" kernel/fs/tinyfs.h`.
**`/tmp/macro_test.c`** (scratch, not part of repo) — minimal isolated repro attempt:
```c
#define FOO 512
int main(void) {
int remaining = 10;
int chunk = remaining < FOO ? remaining : FOO;
return chunk;
}
```
This compiled successfully (`cc: parsed /tmp/macro_test.c OK`), proving the bug is NOT simply "macro + ternary" but something specific to multi-file/nested `#include` transitions.
**Files referenced from earlier phases (unchanged in this segment but load-bearing context):**
- `toolchain/as/elf_writer.c` — has the analogous, already-fixed section-index bug (`sym.st_shndx = (Elf32_Half)shidx_content[s->section];` after being moved to compute `shidx_content` before the symbol loop).
- `kernel/builtins.h`/`kernel/builtins_shim.c`, `tools/host_syscalls.h`/`tools/host_syscalls_shim.c` — Phase T3's shim pattern that Phase T5's testing needs to route around (mkfs_tinyfs must be recompiled by `CC` for `LD`'s static_exec mode to apply, since the shim files can't be parsed by `CC` — no inline-asm support).
- `Makefile` — `KERNEL_ASM_SRCS := kernel/entry.S kernel/idt_stubs.S` listed before `KERNEL_C_SRCS`, confirmed to already put `entry.o` first in `KERNEL_OBJS`, which `LD`'s file-order section-merging relies on.
- `docs/toolchain.md` — has been kept up to date through T1/T2/T4/T3 with detailed sections on AS, CC (types/expressions/codegen/builtins/verification), and the T3 kernel-adaptation shim pattern; **not yet updated for T5** (pending).
- `tools/run_tests.sh`, `tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh`, `tools/qemu_type.py` — the two test harnesses (full OS boot+shell via QEMU; CC's own host-execution battery) that must both stay green.
4. Errors and fixes:
- **AS: `entry.o`'s `_start` missing from linked kernel, `isr_stub_0` at entry address instead.**
Root cause: `toolchain/ld/elf_reader.c`'s `classify_section()` used exact `strcmp(name, ".text")`, but nasm (the current, pre-T7 assembler for `entry.S`) names its section `.text.entry`, not `.text`. This caused `_start`'s containing section to be classified `SEC_KIND_OTHER`, which `build_global_symbol_table` explicitly skips, silently dropping `_start` from the link. Fixed by switching to prefix matching (`strncmp`) for all four section kinds, matching real linker scripts' `*(.text*)` wildcard convention. Verified via `nm`: `_start` now correctly appears at `0x10000` (the base address) with `isr_stub_0` at a later offset.
- **`LD`'s static_exec mode cannot link the current `mkfs_tinyfs.o`.**
Root cause: current `mkfs_tinyfs.o` is compiled by regular `gcc`, relying on glibc's CRT (`crt1.o`) to provide `_start` and set up `argc`/`argv` before calling `main`. `LD`'s `write_static_exec_elf` requires a `_start` symbol among the linked objects (errors otherwise: `"ld: no _start symbol..."`). This is not a bug but an expected consequence of `LD`'s design (only `CC`-compiled host programs, which always emit their own `_start`, are valid inputs for this mode). Fix in progress: compile `mkfs_tinyfs.c` and its dependencies with `CC --target=host` instead of `gcc`, to get a self-contained `_start`.
- **`CC`: `-I` flag only supported separated form (`-I dir`), not gcc's combined form (`-Ikernel`).**
Discovered while trying to compile `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` with `-Ikernel` (needed for the `#include "string.h"` quote-search trick to resolve to `kernel/string.h`). Error was `cc: kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:7: cannot find include file 'string.h'`. Fixed by adding a `strncmp(argv[i], "-I", 2) == 0 && argv[i][2] != '\0'` branch (see code above). This is a real gap that would have blocked Phase T7's Makefile integration too, since the actual `Makefile`'s `CFLAGS` already uses `-Ikernel` (combined form).
- **`CC`: unrecognized flags mistaken for the input filename.**
Discovered in the same debugging session — any flag not explicitly matched (e.g. `-Wall`, `-O2`, `-std=c11`, `-m32`) fell into the catch-all `else { inpath = argv[i]; }`, corrupting `inpath`. Fixed by adding a tolerant `else if (argv[i][0] == '-') { /* ignore */ }` branch before the filename fallback, plus explicit no-op handling for `-c`. Necessary for `CC` to be a drop-in replacement for the exact gcc invocations the Makefile already uses.
- **UNRESOLVED (in progress when summary was requested): `cc: kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?')` when parsing `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c`.**
Symptom: error reports `kernel/string.h:25`, but `kernel/string.h` only has 14 lines and contains no `?`/ternary anywhere — the reported file/line is stale/wrong. The actual ternary expressions live in `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` (e.g. line 188: `remaining < TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE ? remaining : TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE`), using the macro `TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE` (`#define TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE 512` in `tinyfs.h`, a plain object-like macro). Debugging so far:
- An isolated minimal repro (`/tmp/macro_test.c`, single file, no `#include`, `#define FOO 512` + ternary) parses successfully — rules out "macro substitution + ternary" as the root cause in isolation.
- `tinyfs.c` does `#include "tinyfs.h"` then `#include "string.h"` (both quote-form); `tinyfs.h` itself only includes `<stdint.h>` (confirmed via grep, no further nesting).
- Hypothesis (not yet confirmed): a bug in `toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c`'s recursive `process_lexer`/`pp_process_file` file/line-tracking when control returns from a nested `#include` back to the including file — likely the `token_t.file`/`token_t.line` fields, or the underlying `lexer_t` state, aren't being correctly restored/updated after an included file's tokens are fully consumed, causing either (a) genuinely mis-ordered/corrupted tokens reaching the parser, with the error message merely reporting stale file/line metadata from whatever token was being processed, or (b) purely a cosmetic mislabeling of the error location while the real failure occurs elsewhere in the token stream. This was the exact point of investigation when the conversation was interrupted for summarization — no fix has been applied yet.
5. Problem Solving:
Solved (Phase T5, `LD`):
- Complete, working two-mode linker (`link_flat` for the kernel, `link_static_exec` for host tools), verified extensively:
- All 6 `tests/toolchain/*.c` fixtures, compiled by `CC`+`AS`, linked by `LD` in static_exec mode, ran directly with correct exit codes (5, 7, 42, 55, 31, 17 — matching known-good values from Phase T4).
- Real kernel objects (nasm-assembled `entry.o`/`idt_stubs.o` + gcc-compiled rest) linked by `LD` in flat mode, extracted via GNU `objcopy` (T6 not yet built), booted in QEMU: `SELFTEST PASS`, shell reached.
- Same test repeated with `entry.o`/`idt_stubs.o` assembled by our **own** `AS` (not nasm) — full self-toolchain path for the boot-critical files — also booted successfully to `SELFTEST PASS` and the shell prompt.
- Full interactive shell test (via `tools/qemu_type.py` scripting QEMU's HMP monitor) against the `AS`+`LD`-linked kernel: `ls` (correct file listing), `run hello.tsh` (correct script output: "hello from tinyfs script", "x = 14", "add(3,4) = 7", "loop 0/1/2", "written by script"), `build hello.tc hello.tbc` ("build: ok"), `exec hello.tbc` (correct output "14", "7", "55", "10" including recursive `fib(10)=55`). This is comprehensive, real-world verification exercising tinyfs, the scripting language, and the bytecode compiler+VM all running under a kernel linked entirely by Claude-authored tools.
In progress / unresolved:
- Completing the plan's stated T5 verification for the host-tool side ("mkfs_tinyfs built via LD boot/run identically") requires compiling `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c`, `kernel/string.c`, and `tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c` with `CC --target=host`, which is blocked by the unresolved preprocessor file/line-tracking bug described above. Two real, unrelated `CC` CLI-parsing bugs were found and fixed along the way (combined `-I` form; flag tolerance), but the core preprocessor bug remains open.
- `LD`'s work (all of `toolchain/ld/*`) and the two `toolchain/cc/main.c` fixes are **not yet committed** to git — the last commit remains Phase T3's (`f08a1b9`, per earlier context). `docs/toolchain.md` also has not yet been updated with an `LD` section.
6. All user messages:
- "now I want to use it, tell me how to boot and how to use" *(from earlier, already-summarized context — preserved here since it's part of the full user-request history)*
- "when I type "make run", it starts, but when I type I don't see anything" *(earlier context)*
- "do T3/T4" / clarified as a request to plan and build the self-hosted toolchain *(earlier context; exact original phrasing not fully in current window, but this launched the AS/CC/LD/OBJCOPY toolchain arc)*
- "Do T3." — explicit instruction to execute Phase T3 (kernel source adaptation) after T1/T2/T4 were complete and reported.
- "Proceed with T5" — explicit instruction to build Phase T5 (`LD`, the linker); this is the task actively being worked on, interrupted mid-debugging for this summary.
7. Pending Tasks:
- **Immediate**: Resolve the `CC` preprocessor file/line-tracking bug blocking `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` from parsing (`kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?')`).
- Complete Phase T5's mkfs_tinyfs verification: compile `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` + `kernel/string.c` + `tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c` via `CC --target=host`, assemble via `AS`, link via `LD` (static_exec mode), run the resulting binary to format a disk image, and confirm `tools/run_tests.sh` passes using that image (matching the plan's explicit verification bar).
- Update `docs/toolchain.md` with an `LD` section (mirroring the existing AS/CC documentation style: what's supported, the file-order section-merging decision, the two output modes, relocation semantics, verification results, and the bugs found/fixed).
- Run the full regression suite (`tools/run_tests.sh` and `tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh`) one final time before committing.
- Commit Phase T5 (`toolchain/ld/*` new files + `toolchain/cc/main.c` fixes) with a detailed commit message in the same style as prior phase commits (documenting the bugs found/fixed, matching the pattern established for T1–T4).
- Mark task #13 (Phase T5) complete in the task list once fully done and verified.
- **Not yet requested by the user but part of the original approved plan** (should not be started without further instruction, per the established "complete phase → report → wait for next instruction" pattern): Phase T6 (`OBJCOPY`), T7 (full switch-over), T8 (self-hosting bootstrap), T9 (docs/cleanup).
8. Current Work:
Immediately before this summary was requested, I was actively debugging a `CC` preprocessor bug uncovered while trying to complete Phase T5's `mkfs_tinyfs` verification. Sequence of the last several tool calls:
1. Ran `build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --parse-only kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` → got `cc: kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?')`.
2. Read `kernel/string.h` in full (only 14 lines, no ternary) — confirmed the reported error location is wrong/stale.
3. Grepped for `?` in `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c`/`tinyfs.h`, found three real ternary expressions in `tinyfs.c` (lines 188, 210, 217), all using `TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE`, a simple `#define TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE 512` macro from `tinyfs.h`.
4. Wrote and ran an isolated minimal repro (`/tmp/macro_test.c`) combining a simple macro + ternary in a single file with no `#include` — this **parsed successfully**, ruling out "macro + ternary" alone as the bug.
5. Ran `--parse-only` directly on the real `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` — reproduced the exact same `kernel/string.h:25` error, confirming it's not codegen-specific.
6. Read `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` (lines 1–30) to see what's actually at its own line 25 (just a closing `}`, no `?` — further confirming the error location is stale/mislabeled) and to see the `#include` structure (`#include "tinyfs.h"` then `#include "string.h"`, both quote-form).
7. Ran `grep -n "#include" kernel/fs/tinyfs.h` to check for further nested includes — found only `#include <stdint.h>`, no additional nesting.
This last grep result (tinyfs.h has no further nested includes beyond stdint.h) was the most recent tool output received, and I had not yet formed or acted on a conclusion from it when the summary was requested.
9. Optional Next Step:
Continue the active debugging of the `CC` preprocessor bug exactly where it was left off. The next concrete step is to inspect `toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c`'s `process_lexer`/`pp_process_file` functions (specifically how `lexer_t.filename`/`lexer_t.line` and the per-token `file`/`line` fields are threaded through recursive `#include` handling) to find why file/line tracking goes stale after an `#include` returns to its including file, and/or dump the actual token stream produced for `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` to see whether the underlying token sequence itself is corrupted (not just the error's reported location). This directly continues the immediately-preceding work: I was mid-investigation into why `build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --parse-only kernel/fs/tinyfs.c` fails with `cc: kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?')` despite `kernel/string.h` having only 14 lines and no ternary — the last action taken was confirming `kernel/fs/tinyfs.h` has no further nested `#include`s beyond `<stdint.h>`, which was intended to help narrow down whether the bug involves multiple levels of file nesting or is a two-file (tinyfs.c → string.h → back to tinyfs.c) transition issue specifically. This work is a direct, unbroken continuation of the user's most recent explicit instruction, "Proceed with T5," since fixing this bug is required to complete the plan's stated T5 verification for `mkfs_tinyfs`.
If you need specific details from before compaction (like exact code snippets, error messages, or content you generated), read the full transcript at: /home/martin/.claude/projects/-home-martin-workspace-prototypes-boot-to-claude/03468d1c-5b29-4e24-8f0d-2a7435d227ab.jsonl
Continue the conversation from where it left off without asking the user any further questions. Resume directly — do not acknowledge the summary, do not recap what was happening, do not preface with "I'll continue" or similar. Pick up the last task as if the break never happened.1 #include "cc.h"
2
3 #include <stdio.h>
4 #include <stdlib.h>
5 #include <string.h>
6
7 const char *g_include_dirs[MAX_INCLUDE_DIRS];
8 int g_n_include_dirs = 0;
9
10 #define MAX_MACROS 128
11 #define MAX_MACRO_BODY 32
12 #define MAX_PRAGMA_ONCE 128
13
14 typedef struct {
15 char name[MAX_NAME];
16 token_t body[MAX_MACRO_BODY];
17 int n;
18 } macro_t;
19
20 static macro_t g_macros[MAX_MACROS];
21 static int g_n_macros = 0;
22
23 static char g_pragma_once_files[MAX_PRAGMA_ONCE][512];
24 static int g_n_pragma_once = 0;
25
26 static macro_t *macro_find(const char *name) {
27 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_macros; i++) {
28 if (strcmp(g_macros[i].name, name) == 0) return &g_macros[i];
29 }
30 return NULL;
31 }
32
33 static int already_seen(const char *path) {
34 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_pragma_once; i++) {
35 if (strcmp(g_pragma_once_files[i], path) == 0) return 1;
36 }
37 return 0;
38 }
39
40 static void mark_seen(const char *path) {
41 if (g_n_pragma_once < MAX_PRAGMA_ONCE) {
42 safe_strcpy(g_pragma_once_files[g_n_pragma_once++], path, 512);
43 }
44 }
45
46 static char *read_file(const char *path) {
47 FILE *f = fopen(path, "rb");
48 if (!f) return NULL;
49 fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
50 long n = ftell(f);
51 fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
52 char *buf = malloc((size_t)n + 1);
53 size_t got = fread(buf, 1, (size_t)n, f);
54 buf[got] = '\0';
55 fclose(f);
56 return buf;
57 }
58
59 static void dirname_of(const char *path, char *out, size_t outsz) {
60 const char *slash = strrchr(path, '/');
61 if (!slash) { safe_strcpy(out, ".", outsz); return; }
62 size_t n = (size_t)(slash - path);
63 if (n >= outsz) n = outsz - 1;
64 memcpy(out, path, n);
65 out[n] = '\0';
66 }
67
68 static void join_path(char *dst, size_t dstsz, const char *dir, const char *name) {
69 size_t i = 0;
70 for (; i + 1 < dstsz && dir[i]; i++) dst[i] = dir[i];
71 if (i + 1 < dstsz) dst[i++] = '/';
72 for (size_t j = 0; i + 1 < dstsz && name[j]; i++, j++) dst[i] = name[j];
73 dst[i] = '\0';
74 }
75
76 static int resolve_include(const char *cur_dir, const char *name, int is_quote, char *out, size_t outsz) {
77 char cand[600];
78 if (is_quote) {
79 join_path(cand, sizeof(cand), cur_dir, name);
80 FILE *f = fopen(cand, "rb");
81 if (f) { fclose(f); safe_strcpy(out, cand, outsz); return 1; }
82 }
83 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_include_dirs; i++) {
84 join_path(cand, sizeof(cand), g_include_dirs[i], name);
85 FILE *f = fopen(cand, "rb");
86 if (f) { fclose(f); safe_strcpy(out, cand, outsz); return 1; }
87 }
88 return 0;
89 }
90
91 static void emit(token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap, token_t t) {
92 if (*out_n >= cap) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: token buffer full\n"); exit(1); }
93 out[(*out_n)++] = t;
94 }
95
96 static void process_lexer(lexer_t *lx, const char *filename, token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap, int depth) {
97 char cur_dir[512];
98 dirname_of(filename, cur_dir, sizeof(cur_dir));
99
100 for (;;) {
101 token_t t = lexer_next(lx);
102 if (t.kind == TK_EOF) return;
103
104 if (t.kind == TK_HASH) {
105 token_t dir = lexer_next(lx);
106 if (dir.kind != TK_IDENT) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: expected preprocessor directive\n", filename, dir.line); exit(1); }
107
108 if (strcmp(dir.text, "include") == 0) {
109 size_t peek = lx->pos;
110 while (peek < lx->len && (lx->src[peek] == ' ' || lx->src[peek] == '\t')) peek++;
111 int is_quote = peek < lx->len && lx->src[peek] == '"';
112 token_t path_tok = is_quote ? lexer_next(lx) : lexer_next_angle_include(lx);
113 if (is_quote && path_tok.kind != TK_STR) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: expected \"file\" after #include\n", filename, dir.line); exit(1); }
114 char resolved[600];
115 if (!resolve_include(cur_dir, path_tok.text, is_quote, resolved, sizeof(resolved))) {
116 fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: cannot find include file '%s'\n", filename, dir.line, path_tok.text);
117 exit(1);
118 }
119 if (!already_seen(resolved)) {
120 if (depth >= MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: #include nested too deep\n"); exit(1); }
121 char *src = read_file(resolved);
122 if (!src) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: cannot open %s\n", resolved); exit(1); }
123 static char paths[MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH][600];
124 safe_strcpy(paths[depth], resolved, sizeof(paths[depth]));
125 lexer_t sub;
126 lexer_init(&sub, src, paths[depth]);
127 process_lexer(&sub, paths[depth], out, out_n, cap, depth + 1);
128 }
129 continue;
130 }
131 if (strcmp(dir.text, "pragma") == 0) {
132 token_t what = lexer_next(lx);
133 if (what.kind == TK_IDENT && strcmp(what.text, "once") == 0) {
134 mark_seen(filename);
135 } else {
136 fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: unsupported #pragma\n", filename, dir.line);
137 exit(1);
138 }
139 continue;
140 }
141 if (strcmp(dir.text, "define") == 0) {
142 token_t name = lexer_next(lx);
143 if (name.kind != TK_IDENT) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: expected macro name\n", filename, dir.line); exit(1); }
144 if (g_n_macros >= MAX_MACROS) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: too many macros\n"); exit(1); }
145 macro_t *m = &g_macros[g_n_macros++];
146 safe_strcpy(m->name, name.text, MAX_NAME);
147 m->n = 0;
148 for (;;) {
149 token_t bt = lexer_next(lx);
150 if (bt.bol || bt.kind == TK_EOF) {
151 /* First token of the next line (or EOF) - this
152 * lexer has no newline tokens, so `bol` marks
153 * the boundary. It belongs to the main stream,
154 * not the macro body, so push it back rather
155 * than discarding it. */
156 lexer_push_back(lx, bt);
157 break;
158 }
159 if (m->n < MAX_MACRO_BODY) m->body[m->n++] = bt;
160 }
161 continue;
162 }
163 fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: unsupported preprocessor directive #%s\n", filename, dir.line, dir.text);
164 exit(1);
165 }
166
167 if (t.kind == TK_IDENT) {
168 macro_t *m = macro_find(t.text);
169 if (m) {
170 for (int i = 0; i < m->n; i++) {
171 token_t bt = m->body[i];
172 if (bt.kind == TK_IDENT) {
173 macro_t *nested = macro_find(bt.text);
174 if (nested && nested != m) {
175 for (int j = 0; j < nested->n; j++) emit(out, out_n, cap, nested->body[j]);
176 continue;
177 }
178 }
179 emit(out, out_n, cap, bt);
180 }
181 continue;
182 }
183 }
184
185 emit(out, out_n, cap, t);
186 }
187 }
188
189 void pp_process_file(const char *path, token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap) {
190 char *src = read_file(path);
191 if (!src) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: cannot open %s\n", path); exit(1); }
192 lexer_t lx;
193 lexer_init(&lx, src, path);
194 mark_seen(path);
195 process_lexer(&lx, path, out, out_n, cap, 0);
196 token_t eof;
197 memset(&eof, 0, sizeof(eof));
198 eof.kind = TK_EOF;
199 emit(out, out_n, cap, eof);
200 }
201 $ grep -n "file" toolchain/cc/cc.h toolchain/cc/lexer.c | head -50
toolchain/cc/lexer.c:8:void lexer_init(lexer_t *lx, const char *src, const char *filename) {
toolchain/cc/lexer.c:12: lx->filename = filename;
toolchain/cc/lexer.c:37: t.file = lx->filename;
toolchain/cc/lexer.c:181: fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: unexpected character '%c'\n", lx->filename, lx->line, c);
toolchain/cc/lexer.c:192: if (peekc(lx) != '<') { fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: expected <file> after #include\n", lx->filename, lx->line); exit(1); }
toolchain/cc/cc.h:43: const char *file;
toolchain/cc/cc.h:50: const char *filename;
toolchain/cc/cc.h:57:void lexer_init(lexer_t *lx, const char *src, const char *filename);
toolchain/cc/cc.h:73: * `search_dir` is the including file's own directory, for quote-include
toolchain/cc/cc.h:75:void pp_process_file(const char *path, token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap);
toolchain/cc/cc.h:170:void codegen_emit(node_t *prog, void *out_file, cc_target_t target);- if (!already_seen(resolved)) {
- if (depth >= MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: #include nested too deep\n"); exit(1); }
- char *src = read_file(resolved);
- if (!src) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: cannot open %s\n", resolved); exit(1); }
- static char paths[MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH][600];
- safe_strcpy(paths[depth], resolved, sizeof(paths[depth]));
- lexer_t sub;
- lexer_init(&sub, src, paths[depth]);
- process_lexer(&sub, paths[depth], out, out_n, cap, depth + 1);
- }
+ if (!already_seen(resolved)) {
+ if (depth >= MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: #include nested too deep\n"); exit(1); }
+ char *src = read_file(resolved);
+ if (!src) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: cannot open %s\n", resolved); exit(1); }
+ /* Each include gets its own permanently-allocated path
+ * buffer - token_t.file stores this pointer directly
+ * (no copy), and sibling #includes at the same depth
+ * would otherwise share (and overwrite) one static
+ * per-depth buffer, retroactively corrupting the
+ * filename of every already-emitted token from an
+ * earlier sibling. */
+ char *owned_path = malloc(strlen(resolved) + 1);
+ strcpy(owned_path, resolved);
+ lexer_t sub;
+ lexer_init(&sub, src, owned_path);
+ process_lexer(&sub, owned_path, out, out_n, cap, depth + 1);
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ make -s toolchain 2>&1 | tail -30 || (ls Makefile && grep -n "toolchain" Makefile | head -20)
(Bash completed with no output)
$ build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --parse-only kernel/fs/tinyfs.c
Exit code 1 cc: kernel/string.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?')
$ ls -la build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c && grep -n "^cc:" Makefile | head; grep -n "toolchain/cc" Makefile | head -20
-rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 65392 Jul 18 12:09 build/toolchain/cc -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 7936 Jul 18 12:14 toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c
$ grep -rn "build/toolchain/cc" Makefile tools/*.sh 2>/dev/null | head -20; echo ---; find . -name "Makefile" -o -name "*.mk" | grep -v node_modules
tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh:11:CC=${CC_BIN:-build/toolchain/cc}
---
./Makefile$ ls toolchain/cc/*.c; echo ---; mkdir -p build/toolchain && gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40
toolchain/cc/builtins.c toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/lexer.c toolchain/cc/main.c toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c toolchain/cc/types.c ---
$ build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --parse-only kernel/fs/tinyfs.c
Exit code 1 cc: kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:25: undeclared identifier (near '?')
$ wc -l kernel/fs/tinyfs.h; echo ---; sed -n '1,30p' kernel/fs/tinyfs.h
73 kernel/fs/tinyfs.h --- #pragma once /* tinyfs: a minimal flat-namespace filesystem. See docs/tinyfs.md for the * on-disk layout. This header is included by both the kernel (freestanding * build) and tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c (native host build) - it must only use * portable, standard C. */ #include <stdint.h> #define TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE 512 #define TINYFS_MAGIC 0x54465331u /* "TFS1" */ /* Disk layout constants. TINYFS_DISK_SECTORS must match the disk image * size the Makefile builds (DISK_SECTORS). */ #define TINYFS_DISK_SECTORS 4096 #define TINYFS_FS_START_LBA 640 /* leaves room for boot sector + a 256KB kernel budget */ #define TINYFS_NUM_INODES 64 #define TINYFS_NAME_MAX 27 /* 26 chars + NUL */ #define TINYFS_DIRECT_BLOCKS 8 #define TINYFS_SB_BLOCK 0 #define TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK 1 #define TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS 1 /* 4096 bits = up to 4096 data blocks (2MB) */ #define TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK (TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS) #define TINYFS_INODE_BLOCKS 8 /* 64 inodes * 64 bytes / 512-byte block */ #define TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK (TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + TINYFS_INODE_BLOCKS) #define TINYFS_TOTAL_FS_BLOCKS (TINYFS_DISK_SECTORS - TINYFS_FS_START_LBA) #define TINYFS_DATA_BLOCKS (TINYFS_TOTAL_FS_BLOCKS - TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK)
$ grep -n "undeclared identifier" toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/*.c
toolchain/cc/parser.c:431: if (!s) { perr(p, "undeclared identifier"); return make_num(0); }
toolchain/cc/parser.c:431: if (!s) { perr(p, "undeclared identifier"); return make_num(0); }$ sed -n '380,440p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
if (!check(p, TK_RBRACKET)) n = (int)parse_const_expr(p);
expect(p, TK_RBRACKET);
type_t *arr = type_new(TY_ARRAY);
arr->base = base;
arr->array_len = n;
return arr;
}
if (match(p, TK_LPAREN)) {
type_t *functy = type_new(TY_FUNC);
functy->base = base;
functy->param = parse_param_list(p, param_names, n_params);
expect(p, TK_RPAREN);
return functy;
}
return base;
}
static type_t *parse_type_name(parser_t *p) {
type_t *base = parse_type_spec(p, NULL, NULL);
while (match(p, TK_STAR)) base = ptr_to(base);
if (match(p, TK_LBRACKET)) {
int n = -1;
if (!check(p, TK_RBRACKET)) n = (int)parse_const_expr(p);
expect(p, TK_RBRACKET);
type_t *arr = type_new(TY_ARRAY);
arr->base = base;
arr->array_len = n;
base = arr;
}
return base;
}
/* ---------------- expressions ---------------- */
static type_t *g_int_type;
static type_t *g_char_type;
static type_t *decay(type_t *t) {
if (t->kind == TY_ARRAY) return ptr_to(t->base);
return t;
}
static node_t *make_num(int64_t v) {
node_t *n = node_new(ND_NUM);
n->num = v;
n->type = g_int_type;
return n;
}
static node_t *resolve_ident(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
sym_t *s = sym_find(p, name);
if (!s) { perr(p, "undeclared identifier"); return make_num(0); }
if (s->is_enum_const) return make_num(s->enum_value);
node_t *n = node_new(ND_VAR);
safe_strcpy(n->name, name, MAX_NAME);
n->type = s->type;
n->is_global = s->is_global;
n->is_static_local = s->is_static_local;
n->frame_offset = s->frame_offset;
safe_strcpy(n->asm_label, s->asm_label, MAX_NAME);
return n;$ grep -n "static void perr\|void perr" toolchain/cc/parser.c; sed -n '1,40p' toolchain/cc/parser.c | grep -n "perr"
44:static void perr(parser_t *p, const char *msg) {$ sed -n '1,60p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
#include "cc.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* ---------------- symbol tables ---------------- */
typedef struct sym {
char name[MAX_NAME];
type_t *type;
int frame_offset; /* locals/params, EBP-relative */
int is_global;
int is_static_local;
char asm_label[MAX_NAME];
int is_typedef;
int is_enum_const;
int64_t enum_value;
struct sym *next;
} sym_t;
typedef struct tag {
char name[MAX_NAME];
type_t *type;
struct tag *next;
} tag_t;
typedef struct {
token_t *toks;
int n, pos;
sym_t *globals;
sym_t *locals; /* current function's flat symbol list (params+locals) */
tag_t *tags;
int frame_size; /* current function's local variable area size (grows as locals are declared) */
int next_static_id; /* for unique static-local asm labels */
int next_str_id; /* for unique string-literal asm labels */
type_t *cur_func_ret;
int had_error;
} parser_t;
static void perr(parser_t *p, const char *msg) {
token_t t = p->toks[p->pos];
fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: %s (near '%s')\n", t.file ? t.file : "?", t.line, msg,
t.kind == TK_IDENT || t.kind == TK_STR ? t.text : "?");
p->had_error = 1;
exit(1); /* tinyC has no error recovery - not worth it for this codebase's size */
}
static token_t cur(parser_t *p) { return p->toks[p->pos]; }
static token_t advance(parser_t *p) { token_t t = p->toks[p->pos]; if (p->toks[p->pos].kind != TK_EOF) p->pos++; return t; }
static int check(parser_t *p, tok_kind_t k) { return cur(p).kind == k; }
static int match(parser_t *p, tok_kind_t k) { if (check(p, k)) { advance(p); return 1; } return 0; }
static token_t expect(parser_t *p, tok_kind_t k) {
if (!check(p, k)) perr(p, "unexpected token");
return advance(p);
}
static int is_kw(parser_t *p, const char *kw) {$ grep -n "resolve_ident\|parse_primary" toolchain/cc/parser.c
429:static node_t *resolve_ident(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
459:static node_t *parse_primary(parser_t *p) {
482: return resolve_ident(p, name);
494: node_t *n = parse_primary(p);$ sed -n '459,484p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
static node_t *parse_primary(parser_t *p) {
if (check(p, TK_NUM)) { node_t *n = make_num(advance(p).num); return n; }
if (check(p, TK_CHAR)) { node_t *n = make_num(advance(p).num); n->type = g_char_type; return n; }
if (check(p, TK_STR)) { return make_str(p, advance(p).text); }
if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) {
char name[MAX_NAME];
safe_strcpy(name, advance(p).text, MAX_NAME);
if (check(p, TK_LPAREN)) {
advance(p);
node_t *call = node_new(ND_CALL);
safe_strcpy(call->name, name, MAX_NAME);
node_t *tail = NULL;
while (!check(p, TK_RPAREN)) {
node_t *arg = parse_assign(p);
if (!call->list) call->list = arg; else tail->next = arg;
tail = arg;
if (!match(p, TK_COMMA)) break;
}
expect(p, TK_RPAREN);
sym_t *fs = sym_find_global(p, name);
call->type = (fs && fs->type->kind == TY_FUNC) ? fs->type->base : g_int_type;
return call;
}
return resolve_ident(p, name);
}
if (match(p, TK_LPAREN)) {$ grep -n "TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK\b\|TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK\b" kernel/fs/tinyfs.h kernel/fs/tinyfs.c
kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:25:#define TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK (TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCKS) kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:27:#define TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK (TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + TINYFS_INODE_BLOCKS) kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:30:#define TINYFS_DATA_BLOCKS (TINYFS_TOTAL_FS_BLOCKS - TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK) kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:36: block_read(TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + i, p + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE); kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:43: block_write(TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + i, p + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE); kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:63: *out_block = TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK + i; kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:71: bitmap_set(block - TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK, 0);
160 * the boundary. It belongs to the main stream,
161 * not the macro body, so push it back rather
162 * than discarding it. */
163 lexer_push_back(lx, bt);
164 break;
165 }
166 if (m->n < MAX_MACRO_BODY) m->body[m->n++] = bt;
167 }
168 continue;
169 }
170 fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: unsupported preprocessor directive #%s\n", filename, dir.line, dir.text);
171 exit(1);
172 }
173
174 if (t.kind == TK_IDENT) {
175 macro_t *m = macro_find(t.text);
176 if (m) {
177 for (int i = 0; i < m->n; i++) {
178 token_t bt = m->body[i];
179 if (bt.kind == TK_IDENT) {
180 macro_t *nested = macro_find(bt.text);
181 if (nested && nested != m) {
182 for (int j = 0; j < nested->n; j++) emit(out, out_n, cap, nested->body[j]);
183 continue;
184 }
185 }
186 emit(out, out_n, cap, bt);
187 }
188 continue;
189 }- if (t.kind == TK_IDENT) {
- macro_t *m = macro_find(t.text);
- if (m) {
- for (int i = 0; i < m->n; i++) {
- token_t bt = m->body[i];
- if (bt.kind == TK_IDENT) {
- macro_t *nested = macro_find(bt.text);
- if (nested && nested != m) {
- for (int j = 0; j < nested->n; j++) emit(out, out_n, cap, nested->body[j]);
- continue;
- }
- }
- emit(out, out_n, cap, bt);
- }
- continue;
- }
- }
+ if (t.kind == TK_IDENT) {
+ macro_t *m = macro_find(t.text);
+ if (m) {
+ expand_macro_token(t, out, out_n, cap);
+ continue;
+ }
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- static void emit(token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap, token_t t) {
- if (*out_n >= cap) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: token buffer full\n"); exit(1); }
- out[(*out_n)++] = t;
- }
+ static void emit(token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap, token_t t) {
+ if (*out_n >= cap) { fprintf(stderr, "cc: token buffer full\n"); exit(1); }
+ out[(*out_n)++] = t;
+ }
+
+ /* Fully recursive macro expansion (object-like macros only - see
+ * docs/toolchain.md): a macro body token that is itself a macro name gets
+ * expanded too, not just one level (needed for e.g. tinyfs.h's
+ * TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK -> (TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + TINYFS_INODE_BLOCKS) ->
+ * TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK -> (TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + ...)). `active` tracks
+ * macros currently being expanded on this call stack, so a macro can't
+ * expand into itself (directly or via another macro) and recurse forever. */
+ static void expand_macro_token(token_t t, token_t *out, int *out_n, int cap) {
+ static const macro_t *active[MAX_MACROS];
+ static int n_active = 0;
+
+ macro_t *m = macro_find(t.text);
+ if (!m) { emit(out, out_n, cap, t); return; }
+ for (int i = 0; i < n_active; i++) {
+ if (active[i] == m) { emit(out, out_n, cap, t); return; }
+ }
+
+ active[n_active++] = m;
+ for (int i = 0; i < m->n; i++) {
+ token_t bt = m->body[i];
+ if (bt.kind == TK_IDENT) expand_macro_token(bt, out, out_n, cap);
+ else emit(out, out_n, cap, bt);
+ }
+ n_active--;
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --parse-only kernel/fs/tinyfs.c
cc: parsed kernel/fs/tinyfs.c OK
$ ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -60
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ cat tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c | head -40
/* Host-side build tool: formats the tinyfs region of a disk image and
* seeds it with initial files. Not part of the OS - infrastructure, like
* the assembler/linker/QEMU, run at build time on the host. Reuses
* kernel/fs/tinyfs.c verbatim (compiled natively here, freestanding in
* the kernel) so there is exactly one implementation of the fs format.
*
* Libc-free: uses only the __sys_* raw-syscall names CC's builtins.c
* intercepts directly at the call site (see docs/toolchain.md), and
* kernel/string.h instead of the system <string.h>, so this file
* compiles unchanged once Phase T7 switches the build to CC. Under the
* current interim GCC-based build, __sys_open/read/write/lseek/close/
* exit need real definitions to link against - see
* tools/host_syscalls_shim.c (dropped once CC takes over, same as
* kernel/builtins_shim.c - CC intercepts every call site directly and
* couldn't even parse that shim's inline asm). */
#include "../kernel/fs/tinyfs.h"
#include "../kernel/string.h"
#include "host_syscalls.h"
#define O_RDONLY 0
#define O_RDWR 2
#define SEEK_SET 0
static void die(const char *msg) {
__sys_write(2, msg, strlen(msg));
__sys_exit(1);
}
static int g_disk_fd;
static void disk_block_read(uint32_t block, void *buf) {
long offset = (long)(TINYFS_FS_START_LBA + block) * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
if (__sys_lseek(g_disk_fd, (int)offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
__sys_read(g_disk_fd, buf, TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE) != TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE) {
die("mkfs_tinyfs: disk read failed\n");
}
}
static void disk_block_write(uint32_t block, const void *buf) {$ grep -n "main\b\|argv\|argc" tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c | tail -20
72:int main(int argc, char **argv) {
73: if (argc < 2) {
77: g_disk_fd = __sys_open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
87: for (int i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
89: size_t speclen = strlen(argv[i]);
93: memcpy(spec, argv[i], speclen + 1);$ grep -n "_start\|argc\|argv" toolchain/cc/codegen.c | head -30
29: va_start(ap, fmt);
293: int argc = 0;
295: for (node_t *a = n->list; a; a = a->next) args[argc++] = a;
296: for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
301: if (argc) out(" add esp, %d\n", argc * 4);
513: out("global _start\n_start:\n");$ sed -n '500,530p' toolchain/cc/codegen.c
for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
}
for (int i = 0; i < g_n_externs; i++) out("extern %s\n", g_externs[i]);
out("section .text\n");
for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
if (n->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF) codegen_func(n);
}
if (target == TARGET_HOST) {
/* Still inside `section .text` - must stay there, not after the
* .rodata switch below. */
out("global _start\n_start:\n");
out(" call main\n");
out(" mov ebx, eax\n mov eax, 1\n int 0x80\n");
}
if (g_n_strings) {
out("section .rodata\n");
for (int i = 0; i < g_n_strings; i++) {
node_t *s = g_strings[i];
out("global %s\n%s:\n", s->asm_label, s->asm_label);
for (const char *p = s->str; ; p++) {
out(" db %d\n", (int)(unsigned char)*p);
if (!*p) break;
}
}
}
int any_data = 0, any_bss = 0;- out("global _start\n_start:\n");
- out(" call main\n");
- out(" mov ebx, eax\n mov eax, 1\n int 0x80\n");
+ out("global _start\n_start:\n");
+ /* At kernel entry, [esp]=argc and [esp+4] is the start of the
+ * argv[] pointer array - i.e. "argv" (the char** value) is the
+ * address (esp+4), not a value stored on the stack. A plain
+ * `call main` would push a return address first, shifting argc
+ * into place by coincidence but leaving the second cdecl slot
+ * holding argv[0]'s string pointer instead of &argv[0]. Load
+ * both explicitly before the call. */
+ out(" mov eax, [esp]\n");
+ out(" lea ecx, [esp+4]\n");
+ out(" push ecx\n");
+ out(" push eax\n");
+ out(" call main\n");
+ out(" mov ebx, eax\n mov eax, 1\n int 0x80\n");The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -20
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ cat tools/host_syscalls.h; echo ---; cat kernel/string.h; echo ---; wc -l kernel/string.c tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c kernel/fs/tinyfs.c
#pragma once /* Declares the raw Linux x86-32 syscalls host tools use in place of * libc file I/O (see docs/toolchain.md and tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c). Under * CC (--target=host), calls to these exact names are recognized in * codegen and compiled directly to `int 0x80` - no function body is * ever compiled or linked for them, matching kernel/builtins.h's * __builtin_* mechanism. Under the current interim GCC-based build, * real definitions live in tools/host_syscalls_shim.c. */ int __sys_open(const char *path, int flags); int __sys_read(int fd, void *buf, unsigned int count); int __sys_write(int fd, const void *buf, unsigned int count); int __sys_lseek(int fd, int offset, int whence); int __sys_close(int fd); void __sys_exit(int code); --- #pragma once #include <stddef.h> void *memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n); void *memset(void *dst, int val, size_t n); size_t strlen(const char *s); int strcmp(const char *a, const char *b); char *strchr(const char *s, int c); /* Writes the decimal (base 10) or hex (base 16) representation of value * into buf (caller-provided, must be large enough) and returns buf. */ char *itoa(int value, char *buf, int base); --- 72 kernel/string.c 107 tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c 239 kernel/fs/tinyfs.c 418 total
$ set -e mkdir -p /tmp/mkfs_build build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c echo "CC: all three compiled OK" ls -la /tmp/mkfs_build/
cc: tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c:33: undeclared identifier (near 'offset') CC: all three compiled OK total 40 drwxr-x--- 2 martin martin 80 Jul 18 12:17 . drwxrwxrwt 285 root root 19380 Jul 18 12:17 .. -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 8603 Jul 18 12:17 string.S -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 25791 Jul 18 12:17 tinyfs.S
$ sed -n '28,40p' tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c
}
static int g_disk_fd;
static void disk_block_read(uint32_t block, void *buf) {
long offset = (long)(TINYFS_FS_START_LBA + block) * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
if (__sys_lseek(g_disk_fd, (int)offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
__sys_read(g_disk_fd, buf, TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE) != TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE) {
die("mkfs_tinyfs: disk read failed\n");
}
}
static void disk_block_write(uint32_t block, const void *buf) {$ grep -n "perr(p" toolchain/cc/parser.c
44:static void perr(parser_t *p, const char *msg) {
57: if (!check(p, k)) perr(p, "unexpected token");
151: default: perr(p, "unsupported operator in constant expression"); return 0;
155: perr(p, "expected a constant expression");
227: perr(p, "unknown struct/union tag");
266: if (!existing) { perr(p, "unknown enum tag"); return NULL; }
431: if (!s) { perr(p, "undeclared identifier"); return make_num(0); }
489: perr(p, "expected expression");
511: if (!m) { perr(p, "no such member"); return n; }
521: if (!m) { perr(p, "no such member"); return n; }
759: if (!match_kw(p, "while")) perr(p, "expected 'while'");- static void perr(parser_t *p, const char *msg) {
- token_t t = p->toks[p->pos];
- fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: %s (near '%s')\n", t.file ? t.file : "?", t.line, msg,
- t.kind == TK_IDENT || t.kind == TK_STR ? t.text : "?");
- p->had_error = 1;
- exit(1); /* tinyC has no error recovery - not worth it for this codebase's size */
- }
+ static void perr_at(parser_t *p, token_t t, const char *msg) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "cc: %s:%d: %s (near '%s')\n", t.file ? t.file : "?", t.line, msg,
+ t.kind == TK_IDENT || t.kind == TK_STR ? t.text : "?");
+ p->had_error = 1;
+ exit(1); /* tinyC has no error recovery - not worth it for this codebase's size */
+ }
+
+ static void perr(parser_t *p, const char *msg) {
+ perr_at(p, p->toks[p->pos], msg);
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- static node_t *resolve_ident(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
- sym_t *s = sym_find(p, name);
- if (!s) { perr(p, "undeclared identifier"); return make_num(0); }
+ static node_t *resolve_ident(parser_t *p, const char *name, token_t at) {
+ sym_t *s = sym_find(p, name);
+ if (!s) { perr_at(p, at, "undeclared identifier"); return make_num(0); }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ sed -n '459,483p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
return NULL;
}
static node_t *parse_primary(parser_t *p) {
if (check(p, TK_NUM)) { node_t *n = make_num(advance(p).num); return n; }
if (check(p, TK_CHAR)) { node_t *n = make_num(advance(p).num); n->type = g_char_type; return n; }
if (check(p, TK_STR)) { return make_str(p, advance(p).text); }
if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) {
char name[MAX_NAME];
safe_strcpy(name, advance(p).text, MAX_NAME);
if (check(p, TK_LPAREN)) {
advance(p);
node_t *call = node_new(ND_CALL);
safe_strcpy(call->name, name, MAX_NAME);
node_t *tail = NULL;
while (!check(p, TK_RPAREN)) {
node_t *arg = parse_assign(p);
if (!call->list) call->list = arg; else tail->next = arg;
tail = arg;
if (!match(p, TK_COMMA)) break;
}
expect(p, TK_RPAREN);
sym_t *fs = sym_find_global(p, name);
call->type = (fs && fs->type->kind == TY_FUNC) ? fs->type->base : g_int_type;
return call;- if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) {
- char name[MAX_NAME];
- safe_strcpy(name, advance(p).text, MAX_NAME);
- if (check(p, TK_LPAREN)) {
+ if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) {
+ char name[MAX_NAME];
+ token_t ident_tok = advance(p);
+ safe_strcpy(name, ident_tok.text, MAX_NAME);
+ if (check(p, TK_LPAREN)) {The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ grep -n "return resolve_ident" toolchain/cc/parser.c
486: return resolve_ident(p, name);
- return resolve_ident(p, name); + return resolve_ident(p, name, ident_tok);
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -20 && build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c
Exit code 1 PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS cc: tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c:33: undeclared identifier (near 'long')
$ grep -n '"long"\|"int"\|"char"\|"short"\|"void"\|is_type_start\|is_decl_start' toolchain/cc/parser.c | head -40
170:static int is_type_start(parser_t *p) {
172: const char *kws[] = { "void", "char", "short", "int", "signed", "unsigned",
190: if (match_kw(p, "void")) { saw_void = 1; continue; }
191: if (match_kw(p, "char")) { saw_char = 1; continue; }
192: if (match_kw(p, "short")) { saw_short = 1; continue; }
193: if (match_kw(p, "int")) { saw_int = 1; continue; }
329: if (is_kw(p, "void") && p->toks[p->pos + 1].kind == TK_RPAREN) { advance(p); return NULL; }
544: return is_type_start(p);
774: n->a = is_type_start(p) ? parse_local_decl_stmt(p) : NULL;
794: if (is_type_start(p)) return parse_local_decl_stmt(p);$ sed -n '165,225p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
/* ---------------- type specifiers & declarators ---------------- */
static member_t *parse_struct_members(parser_t *p);
static int is_type_start(parser_t *p) {
if (!check(p, TK_IDENT)) return 0;
const char *kws[] = { "void", "char", "short", "int", "signed", "unsigned",
"struct", "union", "enum", "const", "volatile", "static", "extern", NULL };
for (int i = 0; kws[i]; i++) if (strcmp(cur(p).text, kws[i]) == 0) return 1;
return is_typedef_name(p, cur(p).text);
}
/* Parses base type specifiers + storage class; returns the type and sets
* is_static and is_extern. Does not consume any declarator. */
static type_t *parse_type_spec(parser_t *p, int *is_static, int *is_extern) {
int saw_void = 0, saw_char = 0, saw_short = 0, saw_int = 0, saw_unsigned = 0, saw_signed = 0;
type_t *named = NULL;
if (is_static) *is_static = 0;
if (is_extern) *is_extern = 0;
for (;;) {
if (match_kw(p, "static")) { if (is_static) *is_static = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "extern")) { if (is_extern) *is_extern = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "const") || match_kw(p, "volatile") || match_kw(p, "inline")) continue;
if (match_kw(p, "void")) { saw_void = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "char")) { saw_char = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "short")) { saw_short = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "int")) { saw_int = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "signed")) { saw_signed = 1; continue; }
if (match_kw(p, "unsigned")) { saw_unsigned = 1; continue; }
if (is_kw(p, "struct") || is_kw(p, "union")) {
int is_union = is_kw(p, "union");
advance(p);
char tagname[MAX_NAME] = {0};
if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) { safe_strcpy(tagname, cur(p).text, MAX_NAME); advance(p); }
type_t *st;
tag_t *existing = tagname[0] ? tag_find(p, tagname) : NULL;
if (check(p, TK_LBRACE)) {
advance(p);
st = type_new(is_union ? TY_UNION : TY_STRUCT);
safe_strcpy(st->tag, tagname, MAX_NAME);
st->members = parse_struct_members(p);
expect(p, TK_RBRACE);
if (is_kw(p, "__attribute__")) {
advance(p); expect(p, TK_LPAREN); expect(p, TK_LPAREN);
if (is_kw(p, "packed")) { advance(p); st->is_packed = 1; }
expect(p, TK_RPAREN); expect(p, TK_RPAREN);
}
/* Compute member offsets now, not lazily on first
* type_size() call - find_member() (used for `.`/`->`
* anywhere later in this file) needs real offsets
* immediately, and nothing else is guaranteed to trigger
* layout before then. */
type_size(st);
if (tagname[0]) {
tag_t *tg = calloc(1, sizeof(tag_t));
safe_strcpy(tg->name, tagname, MAX_NAME);
tg->type = st;
tg->next = p->tags;
p->tags = tg;$ sed -n '225,270p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
p->tags = tg;
}
} else if (existing) {
st = existing->type;
} else {
perr(p, "unknown struct/union tag");
return NULL;
}
named = st;
continue;
}
if (is_kw(p, "enum")) {
advance(p);
char tagname[MAX_NAME] = {0};
if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) { safe_strcpy(tagname, cur(p).text, MAX_NAME); advance(p); }
type_t *et;
if (check(p, TK_LBRACE)) {
advance(p);
et = type_new(TY_ENUM);
safe_strcpy(et->tag, tagname, MAX_NAME);
int64_t val = 0;
while (!check(p, TK_RBRACE)) {
token_t nm = expect(p, TK_IDENT);
if (match(p, TK_ASSIGN)) val = parse_const_expr(p);
sym_t *s = calloc(1, sizeof(sym_t));
safe_strcpy(s->name, nm.text, MAX_NAME);
s->is_enum_const = 1;
s->enum_value = val;
s->type = et;
s->next = p->globals;
p->globals = s;
val++;
if (!match(p, TK_COMMA)) break;
}
expect(p, TK_RBRACE);
if (tagname[0]) {
tag_t *tg = calloc(1, sizeof(tag_t));
safe_strcpy(tg->name, tagname, MAX_NAME);
tg->type = et;
tg->next = p->tags;
p->tags = tg;
}
} else {
tag_t *existing = tag_find(p, tagname);
if (!existing) { perr(p, "unknown enum tag"); return NULL; }
et = existing->type;$ sed -n '270,325p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
et = existing->type;
}
named = et;
continue;
}
if (check(p, TK_IDENT) && is_typedef_name(p, cur(p).text) && !named && !saw_void && !saw_char && !saw_short && !saw_int) {
sym_t *s = sym_find_global(p, cur(p).text);
named = s->type;
advance(p);
continue;
}
break;
}
if (named) return named;
if (saw_void) return type_new(TY_VOID);
type_t *t;
if (saw_char) t = type_new(TY_CHAR);
else if (saw_short) t = type_new(TY_SHORT);
else t = type_new(TY_INT); /* default-int, also covers bare signed/unsigned */
t->is_unsigned = saw_unsigned && !saw_signed ? 1 : (saw_unsigned ? 1 : 0);
return t;
}
static member_t *parse_struct_members(parser_t *p) {
member_t *head = NULL, *tail = NULL;
while (!check(p, TK_RBRACE)) {
type_t *base = parse_type_spec(p, NULL, NULL);
for (;;) {
type_t *mt = base;
char name[MAX_NAME];
while (match(p, TK_STAR)) mt = ptr_to(mt);
token_t id = expect(p, TK_IDENT);
safe_strcpy(name, id.text, MAX_NAME);
while (match(p, TK_LBRACKET)) {
int n = -1;
if (!check(p, TK_RBRACKET)) n = (int)parse_const_expr(p);
expect(p, TK_RBRACKET);
type_t *arr = type_new(TY_ARRAY);
arr->base = mt;
arr->array_len = n;
mt = arr;
}
member_t *m = calloc(1, sizeof(member_t));
safe_strcpy(m->name, name, MAX_NAME);
m->type = mt;
if (tail) tail->next = m; else head = m;
tail = m;
if (!match(p, TK_COMMA)) break;
}
expect(p, TK_SEMI);
}
return head;
}
static type_t *parse_param_list(parser_t *p, char names[][MAX_NAME], int *n_names) {$ grep -rn "\blong\b" kernel/ tools/ --include=*.c --include=*.h | grep -v "kernel/lang\|# "
kernel/shell/shell.c:112: print_line("write: content too long");
tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c:33: long offset = (long)(TINYFS_FS_START_LBA + block) * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c:41: long offset = (long)(TINYFS_FS_START_LBA + block) * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c:91: die("mkfs_tinyfs: seed spec too long\n");- const char *kws[] = { "void", "char", "short", "int", "signed", "unsigned",
- "struct", "union", "enum", "const", "volatile", "static", "extern", NULL };
+ const char *kws[] = { "void", "char", "short", "int", "long", "signed", "unsigned",
+ "struct", "union", "enum", "const", "volatile", "static", "extern", NULL };The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- int saw_void = 0, saw_char = 0, saw_short = 0, saw_int = 0, saw_unsigned = 0, saw_signed = 0; + int saw_void = 0, saw_char = 0, saw_short = 0, saw_int = 0, saw_long = 0, saw_unsigned = 0, saw_signed = 0;
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- if (match_kw(p, "int")) { saw_int = 1; continue; }
+ if (match_kw(p, "int")) { saw_int = 1; continue; }
+ /* long == int on this 32-bit target (both 4 bytes) - no `long
+ * long`/`unsigned long` anywhere in the codebase (see
+ * docs/toolchain.md), so a same-size alias is enough. */
+ if (match_kw(p, "long")) { saw_long = 1; continue; }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- if (check(p, TK_IDENT) && is_typedef_name(p, cur(p).text) && !named && !saw_void && !saw_char && !saw_short && !saw_int) {
+ if (check(p, TK_IDENT) && is_typedef_name(p, cur(p).text) && !named && !saw_void && !saw_char && !saw_short && !saw_int && !saw_long) {The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10 && build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ ls -la /tmp/mkfs_build/ echo --- find . -name "as" -path "*/build/*" -o -name "ld" -path "*/build/*" 2>/dev/null ls build/toolchain/ 2>/dev/null
total 108 drwxr-x--- 2 martin martin 100 Jul 18 12:19 . drwxrwxrwt 286 root root 19400 Jul 18 12:19 .. -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 65769 Jul 18 12:19 mkfs_tinyfs.S -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 8603 Jul 18 12:17 string.S -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 25791 Jul 18 12:17 tinyfs.S --- ./build/toolchain/as as cc
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/ld toolchain/ld/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ls -la build/toolchain/
total 188 drwxr-x--- 2 martin martin 4096 Jul 18 12:19 . drwxr-x--- 7 martin martin 4096 Jul 18 12:16 .. -rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 51504 Jul 18 12:16 as -rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 75536 Jul 18 12:19 cc -rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 26104 Jul 18 12:19 ld
$ set -e cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S echo "AS: all three assembled OK" ls -la /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o
Exit code 2 as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:922: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:955: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:989: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1027: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1065: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1124: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1163: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1175: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1193: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1228: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1283: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1304: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1337: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1371: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1409: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1447: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1506: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1545: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1557: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1575: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1610: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1665: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1686: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1719: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1753: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1791: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1829: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1888: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1927: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1939: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1957: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:1992: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2047: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2068: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2101: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2135: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2173: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2211: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2270: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2309: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2321: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2339: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2374: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2429: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2450: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2483: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2517: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2555: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2593: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2652: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2691: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2703: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2721: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2756: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2811: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2832: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2865: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2899: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2937: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:2975: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3034: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3073: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3085: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3103: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3138: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3193: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3214: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3247: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3281: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3319: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3357: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3416: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3455: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3467: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3485: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3520: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3575: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3596: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3629: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3663: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3701: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3739: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3798: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3837: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3849: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3867: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3902: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3957: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:3978: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4011: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4045: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4083: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4121: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4180: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4219: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4231: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4249: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4284: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4339: duplicate label as: /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S:4360: duplicate label as: too many statements AS: all three assembled OK ls: cannot access '/tmp/mkfs_build/*.o': No such file or directory
$ grep -n "main\b" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S | head -5 echo --- grep -n "label_id\|next_label\|L%d\|\.L" toolchain/cc/codegen.c | head -30
305:global main 306:main: 534: call main --- 17:static int g_label_id; 35: snprintf(buf, MAX_NAME, ".L%d", g_label_id++); 493: g_label_id = 0;
$ sed -n '480,500p' toolchain/cc/codegen.c
}
walk_collect(n->a, prog);
walk_collect(n->b, prog);
walk_collect(n->c, prog);
walk_collect(n->d, prog);
walk_collect(n->list, prog);
walk_collect(n->init, prog);
walk_collect(n->next, prog);
}
void codegen_emit(node_t *prog, void *out_file, cc_target_t target) {
g_out = (FILE *)out_file;
g_target = target;
g_label_id = 0;
g_loop = NULL;
g_n_externs = 0;
g_n_strings = 0;
out("BITS 32\n");
for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {$ grep -n "static void codegen_func\|g_label_id = 0" toolchain/cc/codegen.c
436:static void codegen_func(node_t *fn) {
493: g_label_id = 0;$ sed -n '915,930p' /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
db 100
db 111
db 110
db 101
db 10
db 0
global __str_0
__str_0:
db 109
db 107
db 102
db 115
db 95
db 116
db 105
db 110$ grep -n "__str_\|asm_label\|g_strings\|g_n_strings\|next_str_id" toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/parser.c | head -40
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:72: out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:150: out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:458:static node_t *g_strings[MAX_STRINGS];
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:459:static int g_n_strings;
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:478: if (n->kind == ND_STR && g_n_strings < MAX_STRINGS) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:479: g_strings[g_n_strings++] = n;
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:496: g_n_strings = 0;
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:529: if (g_n_strings) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:531: for (int i = 0; i < g_n_strings; i++) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:532: node_t *s = g_strings[i];
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:533: out("global %s\n%s:\n", s->asm_label, s->asm_label);
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:552: out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:561: out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
toolchain/cc/parser.c:15: char asm_label[MAX_NAME];
toolchain/cc/parser.c:38: int next_str_id; /* for unique string-literal asm labels */
toolchain/cc/parser.c:97: safe_strcpy(s->asm_label, name, MAX_NAME);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:109: snprintf(s->asm_label, MAX_NAME, "__static_%d", p->next_static_id++);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:446: safe_strcpy(n->asm_label, s->asm_label, MAX_NAME);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:453: snprintf(n->asm_label, MAX_NAME, "__str_%d", p->next_str_id++);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:724: safe_strcpy(n->asm_label, s->asm_label, MAX_NAME);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:829: safe_strcpy(n->asm_label, name, MAX_NAME);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:848: safe_strcpy(n->asm_label, name, MAX_NAME);$ grep -n "cc_parse\|next_str_id\s*=\|memset.*parser_t\|parser_t p" toolchain/cc/parser.c
892:node_t *cc_parse(token_t *toks, int n_toks) {
896: parser_t p = {0};$ grep -c "^global __str_" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
grep -n "^global __str_" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S | awk -F'__str_' '{print $2}' | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -10
echo ---
wc -l /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
grep -n "^main:" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
grep -n "^global main" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S154
14 9
14 8
14 7
14 6
14 5
14 4
14 3
14 2
14 10
14 1
---
5890 /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
306:main:
305:global main$ grep -c '"' tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c; grep -n 'die(' tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c | wc -l
echo ---
grep -n "^global __str_0\b" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S13 9 --- 539:global __str_0 921:global __str_0 1303:global __str_0 1685:global __str_0 2067:global __str_0 2449:global __str_0 2831:global __str_0 3213:global __str_0 3595:global __str_0 3977:global __str_0 4359:global __str_0 4741:global __str_0 5123:global __str_0 5505:global __str_0
$ grep -n "cc_parse\|ND_FUNC_DEF\|->next = \|tail->next" toolchain/cc/parser.c | tail -30
98: s->next = p->globals;
115: s->next = p->locals;
228: tg->next = p->tags;
258: s->next = p->globals;
268: tg->next = p->tags;
320: if (tail) tail->next = m; else head = m;
347: node->next = NULL;
348: if (tail) tail->next = node; else head = node;
481: if (!call->list) call->list = arg; else tail->next = arg;
704: if (!list->list) list->list = v; else tail->next = v;
737: tail->next = n;
812: if (!blk->list) blk->list = s; else tail->next = s;
814: while (tail->next) tail = tail->next; /* parse_local_decl_stmt may chain multiple decls */
844: node_t *n = node_new(ND_FUNC_DEF);
859: s->next = p->locals;
867: if (!n->list) n->list = pn; else ptail->next = pn;
887: s->next = p->globals;
892:node_t *cc_parse(token_t *toks, int n_toks) {
923: decl->next = more;
930: if (!head) head = decl; else tail->next = decl;
932: while (tail->next) tail = tail->next;$ sed -n '892,940p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
node_t *cc_parse(token_t *toks, int n_toks) {
g_int_type = type_new(TY_INT);
g_char_type = type_new(TY_CHAR);
parser_t p = {0};
p.toks = toks;
p.n = n_toks;
node_t *head = NULL, *tail = NULL;
while (!check(&p, TK_EOF)) {
node_t *decl = NULL;
if (is_kw(&p, "typedef")) {
decl = parse_typedef(&p);
} else {
int is_static = 0, is_extern = 0;
type_t *base = parse_type_spec(&p, &is_static, &is_extern);
if (match(&p, TK_SEMI)) {
decl = node_new(ND_NOP); /* lone `struct Foo { ... };` with no variable */
} else {
char param_names[16][MAX_NAME];
int n_params = 0;
char name[MAX_NAME];
type_t *t = parse_declarator(&p, base, name, param_names, &n_params);
if (t->kind == TY_FUNC) {
decl = parse_func(&p, name, t, param_names, n_params, is_static);
} else {
decl = parse_global_var(&p, name, t, is_extern);
while (match(&p, TK_COMMA)) {
char name2[MAX_NAME];
type_t *t2 = parse_declarator(&p, base, name2, NULL, NULL);
node_t *more = parse_global_var(&p, name2, t2, is_extern);
decl->next = more;
}
expect(&p, TK_SEMI);
}
}
}
if (decl) {
if (!head) head = decl; else tail->next = decl;
tail = decl;
while (tail->next) tail = tail->next;
}
}
return head;
}$ grep -n "walk_collect" toolchain/cc/codegen.c echo --- sed -n '460,500p' toolchain/cc/codegen.c
467:static void walk_collect(node_t *n, node_t *prog) {
481: walk_collect(n->a, prog);
482: walk_collect(n->b, prog);
483: walk_collect(n->c, prog);
484: walk_collect(n->d, prog);
485: walk_collect(n->list, prog);
486: walk_collect(n->init, prog);
487: walk_collect(n->next, prog);
501: if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
502: else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
---
/* Walks every reachable node (function bodies, global initializers - a/b/
* c/d/list/init/next cover every kind of child link used anywhere in the
* AST), collecting (not yet emitting - the caller isn't in the right
* section context here) two things in one pass: names of called-but-not-
* locally-defined, non-builtin functions (need `extern`), and string
* literal nodes (need their bytes emitted into a data section later). */
static void walk_collect(node_t *n, node_t *prog) {
if (!n) return;
if (n->kind == ND_CALL) {
int is_local = 0;
for (node_t *f = prog; f; f = f->next) {
if (f->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF && strcmp(f->name, n->name) == 0) { is_local = 1; break; }
}
if (!is_local && !is_builtin_name(n->name) && !already_extern(n->name) && g_n_externs < MAX_EXTERNS) {
safe_strcpy(g_externs[g_n_externs++], n->name, MAX_NAME);
}
}
if (n->kind == ND_STR && g_n_strings < MAX_STRINGS) {
g_strings[g_n_strings++] = n;
}
walk_collect(n->a, prog);
walk_collect(n->b, prog);
walk_collect(n->c, prog);
walk_collect(n->d, prog);
walk_collect(n->list, prog);
walk_collect(n->init, prog);
walk_collect(n->next, prog);
}
void codegen_emit(node_t *prog, void *out_file, cc_target_t target) {
g_out = (FILE *)out_file;
g_target = target;
g_label_id = 0;
g_loop = NULL;
g_n_externs = 0;
g_n_strings = 0;
out("BITS 32\n");
for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {<tool_use_error>InputValidationError: Read was called with input that could not be parsed as JSON.
You sent (first 107 of 107 bytes): {"file_path": "/home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c", "offset": 495,510}
Common causes: unescaped backslashes in file paths (use / or \\), unescaped control characters, or truncated output. Retry with valid JSON.</tool_use_error>495 g_n_externs = 0;
496 g_n_strings = 0;
497
498 out("BITS 32\n");
499
500 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
501 if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
502 else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
503 }
504 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_externs; i++) out("extern %s\n", g_externs[i]);
505
506 out("section .text\n");
507 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
508 if (n->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF) codegen_func(n);
509 }- for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
- if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
- else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
- }
+ for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
+ /* walk_collect recurses into ->next (needed for sibling statement
+ * chains reached via ->list/->init) - passing a top-level node
+ * straight through would also walk the rest of the top-level
+ * chain, which this loop is already advancing over itself,
+ * causing every node after the first to be collected once per
+ * remaining prefix (quadratic duplication of externs/strings).
+ * Cut the top-level ->next link before recursing into this one
+ * node's own subtree, then restore it. */
+ node_t *saved_next = n->next;
+ n->next = NULL;
+ if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
+ else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
+ n->next = saved_next;
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ set -e build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c wc -l /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S grep -c "^global __str_" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S grep -n "^global main" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
924 /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S 11 305:global main
$ set -e build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S echo "AS: all three assembled OK"
as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' as: relocation against unknown symbol '__static_0' AS: all three assembled OK
$ build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S; echo "exit=$?"
as: relocation against unknown symbol '__static_0' exit=1
$ grep -n "main\|__static_0" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
254: lea eax, [__static_0] 294: lea eax, [__static_0] 305:global main 306:main: 534: call main
$ grep -n "static" tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c
25:static void die(const char *msg) {
30:static int g_disk_fd;
32:static void disk_block_read(uint32_t block, void *buf) {
40:static void disk_block_write(uint32_t block, const void *buf) {
48:static void seed_file(const char *name, const char *contents) {
56:static void seed_file_from_host(const char *host_path, const char *fs_name) {
61: static char buf[TINYFS_MAX_FILE_SIZE];
88: static char spec[256];$ grep -n "is_static_local\|__static" toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/parser.c
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:71: if (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:315: if (n->is_static_local) return; /* emitted into .data/.bss separately */
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:554: if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local)) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:562: if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && n->init) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:571: if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && !n->init) {
toolchain/cc/parser.c:14: int is_static_local;
toolchain/cc/parser.c:108: s->is_static_local = 1;
toolchain/cc/parser.c:109: snprintf(s->asm_label, MAX_NAME, "__static_%d", p->next_static_id++);
toolchain/cc/parser.c:444: n->is_static_local = s->is_static_local;
toolchain/cc/parser.c:723: n->is_static_local = is_static;460
461 /* Walks every reachable node (function bodies, global initializers - a/b/
462 * c/d/list/init/next cover every kind of child link used anywhere in the
463 * AST), collecting (not yet emitting - the caller isn't in the right
464 * section context here) two things in one pass: names of called-but-not-
465 * locally-defined, non-builtin functions (need `extern`), and string
466 * literal nodes (need their bytes emitted into a data section later). */
467 static void walk_collect(node_t *n, node_t *prog) {
468 if (!n) return;
469 if (n->kind == ND_CALL) {
470 int is_local = 0;
471 for (node_t *f = prog; f; f = f->next) {
472 if (f->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF && strcmp(f->name, n->name) == 0) { is_local = 1; break; }
473 }
474 if (!is_local && !is_builtin_name(n->name) && !already_extern(n->name) && g_n_externs < MAX_EXTERNS) {
475 safe_strcpy(g_externs[g_n_externs++], n->name, MAX_NAME);
476 }
477 }
478 if (n->kind == ND_STR && g_n_strings < MAX_STRINGS) {
479 g_strings[g_n_strings++] = n;
480 }
481 walk_collect(n->a, prog);
482 walk_collect(n->b, prog);
483 walk_collect(n->c, prog);
484 walk_collect(n->d, prog);
485 walk_collect(n->list, prog);
486 walk_collect(n->init, prog);
487 walk_collect(n->next, prog);
488 }
489
490 void codegen_emit(node_t *prog, void *out_file, cc_target_t target) {
491 g_out = (FILE *)out_file;
492 g_target = target;
493 g_label_id = 0;
494 g_loop = NULL;
495 g_n_externs = 0;
496 g_n_strings = 0;
497
498 out("BITS 32\n");
499
500 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
501 /* walk_collect recurses into ->next (needed for sibling statement
502 * chains reached via ->list/->init) - passing a top-level node
503 * straight through would also walk the rest of the top-level
504 * chain, which this loop is already advancing over itself,
505 * causing every node after the first to be collected once per
506 * remaining prefix (quadratic duplication of externs/strings).
507 * Cut the top-level ->next link before recursing into this one
508 * node's own subtree, then restore it. */
509 node_t *saved_next = n->next;
510 n->next = NULL;
511 if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
512 else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
513 n->next = saved_next;
514 }
515 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_externs; i++) out("extern %s\n", g_externs[i]);
516
517 out("section .text\n");
518 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
519 if (n->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF) codegen_func(n);
520 }
521 if (target == TARGET_HOST) {
522 /* Still inside `section .text` - must stay there, not after the
523 * .rodata switch below. */
524 out("global _start\n_start:\n");
525 /* At kernel entry, [esp]=argc and [esp+4] is the start of the
526 * argv[] pointer array - i.e. "argv" (the char** value) is the
527 * address (esp+4), not a value stored on the stack. A plain
528 * `call main` would push a return address first, shifting argc
529 * into place by coincidence but leaving the second cdecl slot
530 * holding argv[0]'s string pointer instead of &argv[0]. Load
531 * both explicitly before the call. */
532 out(" mov eax, [esp]\n");
533 out(" lea ecx, [esp+4]\n");
534 out(" push ecx\n");
535 out(" push eax\n");
536 out(" call main\n");
537 out(" mov ebx, eax\n mov eax, 1\n int 0x80\n");
538 }
539
540 if (g_n_strings) {
541 out("section .rodata\n");
542 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_strings; i++) {
543 node_t *s = g_strings[i];
544 out("global %s\n%s:\n", s->asm_label, s->asm_label);
545 for (const char *p = s->str; ; p++) {
546 out(" db %d\n", (int)(unsigned char)*p);
547 if (!*p) break;
548 }
549 }
550 }
551
552 int any_data = 0, any_bss = 0;
553 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
554 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local)) {
555 if (n->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
556 }
557 }
558
559 if (any_data) {
560 out("section .data\n");
561 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
562 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && n->init) {
563 out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
564 emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
565 }
566 }
567 }
568 if (any_bss) {
569 out("section .bss\n");
570 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
571 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && !n->init) {
572 out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
573 }
574 }$ grep -n "MAX_STRINGS\|MAX_STATICS\|MAX_EXTERNS" toolchain/cc/cc.h
(Bash completed with no output)
$ grep -rn "MAX_STRINGS\|MAX_STATICS\|MAX_EXTERNS" toolchain/cc/*.c toolchain/cc/*.h
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:448:#define MAX_EXTERNS 64
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:449:static char g_externs[MAX_EXTERNS][MAX_NAME];
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:457:#define MAX_STRINGS 256
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:458:static node_t *g_strings[MAX_STRINGS];
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:474: if (!is_local && !is_builtin_name(n->name) && !already_extern(n->name) && g_n_externs < MAX_EXTERNS) {
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:478: if (n->kind == ND_STR && g_n_strings < MAX_STRINGS) {- #define MAX_STRINGS 256 - static node_t *g_strings[MAX_STRINGS]; + #define MAX_STRINGS 256 + static node_t *g_strings[MAX_STRINGS]; + + #define MAX_STATICS 64 + static node_t *g_statics[MAX_STATICS]; + static int g_n_statics;
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ grep -n "static int g_n_strings" toolchain/cc/codegen.c
463:static int g_n_strings;
448 #define MAX_EXTERNS 64
449 static char g_externs[MAX_EXTERNS][MAX_NAME];
450 static int g_n_externs;
451
452 static int already_extern(const char *name) {
453 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_externs; i++) if (strcmp(g_externs[i], name) == 0) return 1;
454 return 0;
455 }
456
457 #define MAX_STRINGS 256
458 static node_t *g_strings[MAX_STRINGS];
459
460 #define MAX_STATICS 64
461 static node_t *g_statics[MAX_STATICS];
462 static int g_n_statics;
463 static int g_n_strings;
464
465 /* Walks every reachable node (function bodies, global initializers - a/b/
466 * c/d/list/init/next cover every kind of child link used anywhere in the
467 * AST), collecting (not yet emitting - the caller isn't in the right- if (n->kind == ND_STR && g_n_strings < MAX_STRINGS) {
- g_strings[g_n_strings++] = n;
- }
+ if (n->kind == ND_STR && g_n_strings < MAX_STRINGS) {
+ g_strings[g_n_strings++] = n;
+ }
+ /* static locals live inside a function body's statement list, not
+ * prog's top-level chain - the .data/.bss emission below only scans
+ * top-level decls, so without this they'd be referenced (lea eax,
+ * [__static_N]) but never actually allocated storage. */
+ if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_static_local && g_n_statics < MAX_STATICS) {
+ g_statics[g_n_statics++] = n;
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- g_n_externs = 0; - g_n_strings = 0; + g_n_externs = 0; + g_n_strings = 0; + g_n_statics = 0;
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
556 out("global %s\n%s:\n", s->asm_label, s->asm_label);
557 for (const char *p = s->str; ; p++) {
558 out(" db %d\n", (int)(unsigned char)*p);
559 if (!*p) break;
560 }
561 }
562 }
563
564 int any_data = 0, any_bss = 0;
565 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
566 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local)) {
567 if (n->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
568 }
569 }
570
571 if (any_data) {
572 out("section .data\n");
573 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
574 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && n->init) {
575 out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
576 emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
577 }
578 }
579 }
580 if (any_bss) {
581 out("section .bss\n");
582 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
583 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && !n->init) {
584 out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
585 }- int any_data = 0, any_bss = 0;
- for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
- if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local)) {
- if (n->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
- }
- }
-
- if (any_data) {
- out("section .data\n");
- for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
- if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && n->init) {
- out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
- emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
- }
- }
- }
- if (any_bss) {
- out("section .bss\n");
- for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
- if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) && !n->init) {
- out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
- }
+ int any_data = 0, any_bss = 0;
+ for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
+ if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_global) {
+ if (n->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ for (int i = 0; i < g_n_statics; i++) {
+ if (g_statics[i]->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (any_data) {
+ out("section .data\n");
+ for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
+ if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_global && n->init) {
+ out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
+ emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
+ }
+ }
+ for (int i = 0; i < g_n_statics; i++) {
+ node_t *n = g_statics[i];
+ if (n->init) {
+ out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
+ emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (any_bss) {
+ out("section .bss\n");
+ for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
+ if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_global && !n->init) {
+ out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
+ }
+ }
+ for (int i = 0; i < g_n_statics; i++) {
+ node_t *n = g_statics[i];
+ if (!n->init) {
+ out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
564 int any_data = 0, any_bss = 0;
565 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
566 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_global) {
567 if (n->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
568 }
569 }
570 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_statics; i++) {
571 if (g_statics[i]->init) any_data = 1; else any_bss = 1;
572 }
573
574 if (any_data) {
575 out("section .data\n");
576 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
577 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_global && n->init) {
578 out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
579 emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
580 }
581 }
582 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_statics; i++) {
583 node_t *n = g_statics[i];
584 if (n->init) {
585 out("global %s\n%s:\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label);
586 emit_data_bytes(n->init, n->type);
587 }
588 }
589 }
590 if (any_bss) {
591 out("section .bss\n");
592 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
593 if (n->kind == ND_VAR_DECL && n->is_global && !n->init) {
594 out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
595 }
596 }
597 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_statics; i++) {
598 node_t *n = g_statics[i];
599 if (!n->init) {
600 out("global %s\n%s:\n resb %d\n", n->asm_label, n->asm_label, type_size(n->type));
601 }
602 }
603 }$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ set -e build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c grep -n "__static_0\|global __static" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
254: lea eax, [__static_0] 294: lea eax, [__static_0] 925:global __static_0 926:__static_0: 928:global __static_1
$ set -e build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S echo "AS: all three assembled OK" build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o echo "LD: linked OK" file /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs
as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' AS: all three assembled OK ld: cannot open /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o LD: linked OK /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open `/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs' (No such file or directory)
$ ls -la /tmp/mkfs_build/
total 64 drwxr-x--- 2 martin martin 120 Jul 18 12:24 . drwxrwxrwt 286 root root 19440 Jul 18 12:24 .. -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 12543 Jul 18 12:24 mkfs_tinyfs.S -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 4156 Jul 18 12:24 mkfs_tinyfs.o -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 8603 Jul 18 12:24 string.S -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 25791 Jul 18 12:24 tinyfs.S
$ rm -f /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S echo "tinyfs.o rc=$?" build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S echo "string.o rc=$?" build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S echo "mkfs_tinyfs.o rc=$?" ls -la /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o
as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' tinyfs.o rc=1 as: relocation against unknown symbol 'main' string.o rc=1 mkfs_tinyfs.o rc=0 -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 4156 Jul 18 12:24 /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o
515 * straight through would also walk the rest of the top-level
516 * chain, which this loop is already advancing over itself,
517 * causing every node after the first to be collected once per
518 * remaining prefix (quadratic duplication of externs/strings).
519 * Cut the top-level ->next link before recursing into this one
520 * node's own subtree, then restore it. */
521 node_t *saved_next = n->next;
522 n->next = NULL;
523 if (n->kind != ND_FUNC_DEF) walk_collect(n, prog); /* globals: just for string literals in initializers */
524 else walk_collect(n->b, prog); /* function bodies */
525 n->next = saved_next;
526 }
527 for (int i = 0; i < g_n_externs; i++) out("extern %s\n", g_externs[i]);
528
529 out("section .text\n");
530 for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
531 if (n->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF) codegen_func(n);
532 }
533 if (target == TARGET_HOST) {
534 /* Still inside `section .text` - must stay there, not after the
535 * .rodata switch below. */
536 out("global _start\n_start:\n");
537 /* At kernel entry, [esp]=argc and [esp+4] is the start of the
538 * argv[] pointer array - i.e. "argv" (the char** value) is the
539 * address (esp+4), not a value stored on the stack. A plain- if (target == TARGET_HOST) {
- /* Still inside `section .text` - must stay there, not after the
- * .rodata switch below. */
- out("global _start\n_start:\n");
+ int has_main = 0;
+ for (node_t *n = prog; n; n = n->next) {
+ if (n->kind == ND_FUNC_DEF && strcmp(n->name, "main") == 0) { has_main = 1; break; }
+ }
+ if (target == TARGET_HOST && has_main) {
+ /* Only the one compilation unit that actually defines main should
+ * provide _start - host programs are typically built from several
+ * --target=host files (e.g. mkfs_tinyfs.c + tinyfs.c + string.c),
+ * and emitting a `call main` in every one of them would leave an
+ * unresolvable reference in every file that doesn't itself define
+ * main (there's no separate crt0.o in this toolchain - see
+ * docs/toolchain.md). Still inside `section .text` - must stay
+ * there, not after the .rodata switch below. */
+ out("global _start\n_start:\n");The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ grep -n "relocation against unknown symbol" toolchain/as/*.c
toolchain/as/elf_writer.c:116: if (!s) { fprintf(stderr, "as: relocation against unknown symbol '%s'\n", r->sym); return -1; }$ grep -n "elf_writer\|write_elf\|write_object\|main(" toolchain/as/main.c | head -2020:int main(int argc, char **argv) {
53: rc = write_elf32(&ctx, outpath);$ sed -n '40,70p' toolchain/as/main.c
if (as_parse_pass1(&ctx, src, inpath) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "as: parse errors, not assembling %s\n", inpath);
return 1;
}
if (as_encode_pass2(&ctx) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "as: encode errors, not writing %s\n", outpath);
return 1;
}
int rc;
if (strcmp(fmt, "bin") == 0) {
rc = write_bin(&ctx, outpath);
} else if (strcmp(fmt, "elf32") == 0) {
rc = write_elf32(&ctx, outpath);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "as: unknown format '%s' (expected bin or elf32)\n", fmt);
return 1;
}
return rc == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ set -e rm -f /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o /tmp/mkfs_build/*.S /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c echo "CC: all three compiled OK" build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S echo "AS: all three assembled OK" build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o echo "LD: linked OK" file /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs
CC: all three compiled OK AS: all three assembled OK LD: linked OK /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel i386, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, no section header
$ grep -n "mkfs_tinyfs\|DISK_SECTORS\|disk\.img" Makefile | head -30
13:# Must match TINYFS_DISK_SECTORS / TINYFS_FS_START_LBA in kernel/fs/tinyfs.h 15:DISK_SECTORS := 4096 21:DISK_IMG := $(BUILD)/disk.img 39:MKFS_BIN := $(BUILD)/mkfs_tinyfs 45: $(BUILD)/host_syscalls_shim.o $(BUILD)/host_mkfs_tinyfs.o 98:$(BUILD)/host_mkfs_tinyfs.o: tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c | $(BUILD) 105: dd if=/dev/zero of=$@ bs=512 count=$(DISK_SECTORS) status=none
$ sed -n '1,50p' Makefile
AS := nasm
CC := gcc
HOSTCC := gcc
LD := ld
OBJCOPY := objcopy
QEMU := qemu-system-i386
BUILD := build
CFLAGS := -m32 -ffreestanding -fno-pic -fno-stack-protector -fno-builtin -nostdlib \
-Wall -Wextra -O2 -std=c11 -Ikernel
LDFLAGS := -m elf_i386 -T kernel/link.ld -nostdlib
# Must match TINYFS_DISK_SECTORS / TINYFS_FS_START_LBA in kernel/fs/tinyfs.h
# and KERNEL_START_LBA / KERNEL_SECTORS in boot/stage2.S
DISK_SECTORS := 4096
KERNEL_START_SECTOR := 5
KERNEL_MAX_SECTORS := 512
BOOT_BIN := $(BUILD)/boot.bin
STAGE2_BIN := $(BUILD)/stage2.bin
DISK_IMG := $(BUILD)/disk.img
KERNEL_C_SRCS := kernel/kmain.c kernel/console.c kernel/serial.c kernel/gdt.c \
kernel/idt.c kernel/string.c kernel/memory.c kernel/selftest.c \
kernel/ata.c kernel/fs/tinyfs.c kernel/fs/tinyfs_disk.c \
kernel/keyboard.c kernel/shell/shell.c kernel/builtins_shim.c \
kernel/lang/lexer.c kernel/lang/script/ast.c \
kernel/lang/script/parser.c kernel/lang/script/eval.c \
kernel/lang/compiler/parser.c kernel/lang/compiler/codegen.c \
kernel/lang/vm.c
KERNEL_ASM_SRCS := kernel/entry.S kernel/idt_stubs.S
KERNEL_OBJS := $(patsubst kernel/%.S,$(BUILD)/%.o,$(KERNEL_ASM_SRCS)) \
$(patsubst kernel/%.c,$(BUILD)/%.o,$(KERNEL_C_SRCS))
KERNEL_ELF := $(BUILD)/kernel.elf
KERNEL_BIN := $(BUILD)/kernel.bin
HOSTCFLAGS := -m32 -Wall -Wextra -O2 -Ikernel
MKFS_BIN := $(BUILD)/mkfs_tinyfs
# host_string.o: kernel/string.c compiled natively - host tools are
# libc-free (see docs/toolchain.md), same as the kernel itself.
# host_syscalls_shim.o: real int 0x80 bodies for the interim GCC build
# only, dropped once Phase T7 switches to CC (see tools/host_syscalls.h).
MKFS_OBJS := $(BUILD)/host_tinyfs.o $(BUILD)/host_string.o \
$(BUILD)/host_syscalls_shim.o $(BUILD)/host_mkfs_tinyfs.o
# host-path:fs-name pairs seeded into every disk image; the host paths
# alone are listed separately so they can be used as make prerequisites
MKFS_SEED_FILES := tests/hello.tsh tests/hello.tc
MKFS_SEED_SPECS := tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc$ grep -n "MKFS_BIN)\|DISK_IMG)" Makefile
53:all: $(DISK_IMG) 101:$(MKFS_BIN): $(MKFS_OBJS) 104:$(DISK_IMG): $(BOOT_BIN) $(STAGE2_BIN) $(KERNEL_BIN) $(MKFS_BIN) $(MKFS_SEED_FILES) 109: $(MKFS_BIN) $@ $(MKFS_SEED_SPECS) 114:run: $(DISK_IMG) 115: $(QEMU) -drive file=$(DISK_IMG),format=raw -display none -serial stdio -no-reboot 120:run-gui: $(DISK_IMG) 121: $(QEMU) -drive file=$(DISK_IMG),format=raw -serial stdio -no-reboot
$ set -e make -s 2>&1 | tail -20 ls -la build/disk.img cp build/disk.img /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc echo "mkfs_tinyfs (our toolchain) rc=$?" cmp build/disk.img /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img && echo "IDENTICAL to GNU-toolchain-built image" || echo "DIFFERS (expected if any metadata differs) - will verify functionally instead"
-rw-r----- 1 martin martin 2097152 Jul 18 12:06 build/disk.img mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open disk image mkfs_tinyfs (our toolchain) rc=1 IDENTICAL to GNU-toolchain-built image
$ grep -n "cannot open" tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c; sed -n '72,86p' tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c
59: die("mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open seed file\n");
79: die("mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open disk image\n");
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if (argc < 2) {
die("usage: mkfs_tinyfs <disk-image> [host-path:fs-name ...]\n");
}
g_disk_fd = __sys_open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
if (g_disk_fd < 0) {
die("mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open disk image\n");
}
tinyfs_init(disk_block_read, disk_block_write);
tinyfs_format();
seed_file("hello.txt", "Hello, tinyfs!\n");$ grep -n "__sys_open\|__sys_write\|__sys_exit" toolchain/cc/builtins.c
30: "__sys_open", "__sys_read", "__sys_write", "__sys_lseek", "__sys_close", "__sys_exit",
95: if (strcmp(name, "__sys_exit") == 0) {
103: if (strcmp(name, "__sys_open") == 0) {
110: if (strcmp(name, "__sys_read") == 0 || strcmp(name, "__sys_write") == 0) {$ sed -n '85,150p' toolchain/cc/builtins.c
snprintf(lbl, sizeof(lbl), ".Lbi%d", g_builtin_label_id++);
emit_arg(nth(args, 0)); /* pointer to the gdt descriptor */
emitf(" mov ecx, eax\n lgdt [ecx]\n");
emitf(" mov ax, 0x10\n mov ds, ax\n mov es, ax\n mov fs, ax\n mov gs, ax\n mov ss, ax\n");
emitf(" jmp 0x08:%s\n", lbl);
emitf("%s:\n", lbl);
return 1;
}
/* --- raw Linux syscalls (host target only - see docs/toolchain.md) --- */
if (strcmp(name, "__sys_exit") == 0) {
emit_arg(nth(args, 0)); emitf(" mov ebx, eax\n mov eax, 1\n int 0x80\n");
return 1;
}
if (strcmp(name, "__sys_close") == 0) {
emit_arg(nth(args, 0)); emitf(" mov ebx, eax\n mov eax, 6\n int 0x80\n");
return 1;
}
if (strcmp(name, "__sys_open") == 0) {
emit_arg(nth(args, 0)); emitf(" push eax\n"); /* path */
emit_arg(nth(args, 1)); emitf(" push eax\n"); /* flags */
emitf(" mov edx, 420\n"); /* mode 0644, used only when O_CREAT is set */
emitf(" pop ecx\n pop ebx\n mov eax, 5\n int 0x80\n");
return 1;
}
if (strcmp(name, "__sys_read") == 0 || strcmp(name, "__sys_write") == 0) {
int nr = strcmp(name, "__sys_read") == 0 ? 3 : 4;
emit_arg(nth(args, 0)); emitf(" push eax\n"); /* fd */
emit_arg(nth(args, 1)); emitf(" push eax\n"); /* buf */
emit_arg(nth(args, 2)); emitf(" mov edx, eax\n"); /* count */
emitf(" pop ecx\n pop ebx\n mov eax, %d\n int 0x80\n", nr);
return 1;
}
if (strcmp(name, "__sys_lseek") == 0) {
emit_arg(nth(args, 0)); emitf(" push eax\n"); /* fd */
emit_arg(nth(args, 1)); emitf(" push eax\n"); /* offset */
emit_arg(nth(args, 2)); emitf(" mov edx, eax\n"); /* whence */
emitf(" pop ecx\n pop ebx\n mov eax, 19\n int 0x80\n");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}$ grep -n "^main:\|_start" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S sed -n '305,340p' /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
306:main:
528:global _start
529:_start:
global main
main:
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
sub esp, 12
mov eax, 2
push eax
lea eax, [ebp+8]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
cmp eax, ecx
setl al
movzx eax, al
cmp eax, 0
je .L12
lea eax, [__str_4]
push eax
call die
add esp, 4
jmp .L13
.L12:
.L13:
lea eax, [g_disk_fd]
push eax
mov eax, 1
push eax
lea eax, [ebp+12]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
imul ecx, ecx, 4
add eax, ecx
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
mov eax, 2
push eax
mov edx, 420$ sed -n '528,545p' /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S
global _start
_start:
mov eax, [esp]
lea ecx, [esp+4]
push ecx
push eax
call main
mov ebx, eax
mov eax, 1
int 0x80
section .rodata
global __str_0
__str_0:
db 109
db 107
db 102
db 115
db 95$ which strace 2>/dev/null && echo found || echo "no strace" /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc; echo "exit=$?"
/bin/strace found mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open disk image exit=1
$ strace -f -e trace=open,openat,execve /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc 2>&1 | head -20
execve("/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs", ["/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs", "/tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img", "tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh", "tests/hello.tc:hello.tc"], 0x7ffdfc4f2310 /* 78 vars */) = 0
[ Process PID=3144261 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
open(0xdbfffdec, O_RDWR) = -1 EFAULT (Bad address)
mkfs_tinyfs: cannot open disk image
+++ exited with 1 +++$ cat > /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.c << 'EOF'
int __sys_write(int fd, const void *buf, unsigned int count);
void __sys_exit(int code);
int strlen(const char *s) {
int n = 0;
while (s[n]) n++;
return n;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
__sys_write(1, argv[1], strlen(argv[1]));
__sys_write(1, "\n", 1);
__sys_exit(0);
return 0;
}
EOF
build/toolchain/cc -o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.S --target=host /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.c
build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.S
build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.o
/tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test hello_world_argExit code 139 /bin/bash: line 41: 3144760 Segmentation fault (core dumped) /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test hello_world_arg
$ strace -f /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test hello_world_arg 2>&1 | head -20
execve("/tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test", ["/tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test", "hello_world_arg"], 0x7ffc90eafba0 /* 78 vars */) = 0
--- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SEGV_MAPERR, si_addr=0x1cffb02d} ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV (core dumped) +++$ objdump -d -M intel /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test 2>&1 | head -60
/tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test: file format elf32-i386
$ cat /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.S
BITS 32
section .text
global strlen
strlen:
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
sub esp, 4
lea eax, [ebp-4]
push eax
mov eax, 0
pop ecx
mov [ecx], eax
.L0:
lea eax, [ebp-4]
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
lea eax, [ebp+8]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
add eax, ecx
movzx eax, byte [eax]
cmp eax, 0
je .L1
lea eax, [ebp-4]
mov ecx, eax
mov eax, [ecx]
mov edx, eax
add eax, 1
mov [ecx], eax
mov eax, edx
jmp .L0
.L1:
lea eax, [ebp-4]
mov eax, [eax]
mov esp, ebp
pop ebp
ret
mov eax, 0
mov esp, ebp
pop ebp
ret
global main
main:
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
mov eax, 1
push eax
mov eax, 1
push eax
lea eax, [ebp+12]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
imul ecx, ecx, 4
add eax, ecx
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
mov eax, 1
push eax
lea eax, [ebp+12]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
imul ecx, ecx, 4
add eax, ecx
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
call strlen
add esp, 4
mov edx, eax
pop ecx
pop ebx
mov eax, 4
int 0x80
mov eax, 1
push eax
lea eax, [__str_0]
push eax
mov eax, 1
mov edx, eax
pop ecx
pop ebx
mov eax, 4
int 0x80
mov eax, 0
mov ebx, eax
mov eax, 1
int 0x80
mov eax, 0
mov esp, ebp
pop ebp
ret
mov eax, 0
mov esp, ebp
pop ebp
ret
global _start
_start:
mov eax, [esp]
lea ecx, [esp+4]
push ecx
push eax
call main
mov ebx, eax
mov eax, 1
int 0x80
section .rodata
global __str_0
__str_0:
db 10
db 0$ which gdb 2>/dev/null && echo found || echo none
/bin/gdb found
$ cd /tmp/mkfs_build cat > gdb_cmds.txt << 'EOF' set architecture i386 break *0x08049000 run hello_world_arg EOF gdb -q -x gdb_cmds.txt --args ./argv_test hello_world_arg 2>&1 | head -40
Command did not complete within its 120s timeout and was moved to the background (ID: bwnw4gqx0). Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-1001/-home-martin-workspace-prototypes-boot-to-claude/03468d1c-5b29-4e24-8f0d-2a7435d227ab/tasks/bwnw4gqx0.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path. Session cwd remains /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands.
$ pkill -9 gdb 2>/dev/null; sleep 1; echo done
done
$ cd /tmp/mkfs_build cat > gdb_cmds.txt << 'EOF' set architecture i386 catch signal SIGSEGV run hello_world_arg info registers x/10xw $esp quit EOF timeout 30 gdb -q -batch -x gdb_cmds.txt --args ./argv_test hello_world_arg 2>&1 | head -60
The target architecture is set to "i386". Catchpoint 1 (signal SIGSEGV) Catchpoint 1 (signal SIGSEGV), 0x08048080 in ?? () eax 0x19ffffcc 436207564 ecx 0x0 0 edx 0x0 0 ebx 0x0 0 esp 0xffffca98 0xffffca98 ebp 0xffffca9c 0xffffca9c esi 0x0 0 edi 0x0 0 eip 0x8048080 0x8048080 eflags 0x10206 [ PF IF RF ] cs 0x23 35 ss 0x2b 43 ds 0x2b 43 es 0x2b 43 fs 0x0 0 gs 0x0 0 0xffffca98: 0x00000000 0xffffcab0 0x080480fb 0x19ffffcc 0xffffcaa8: 0x19ffffcc 0x00000001 0x00000000 0x08048157 0xffffcab8: 0x00000002 0xffffcac4 A debugging session is active. Inferior 1 [process 3150356] will be killed. Quit anyway? (y or n) [answered Y; input not from terminal] Shell cwd was reset to /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
$ python3 -c "
import struct
with open('/tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test','rb') as f:
d = f.read()
e_entry = struct.unpack('<I', d[24:28])[0]
print(hex(e_entry))
"0x8048149
$ cd /tmp/mkfs_build cat > gdb_cmds2.txt << 'EOF' set architecture i386 break *0x8048149 run hello_world_arg x/4xw $esp stepi stepi info registers eax ecx stepi stepi info registers eax ecx quit EOF timeout 30 gdb -q -batch -x gdb_cmds2.txt --args ./argv_test hello_world_arg 2>&1 | head -60
The target architecture is set to "i386". Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048149 Breakpoint 1, 0x08048149 in ?? () 0xffffcac0: 0x00000002 0xffffccff 0xffffcd19 0x00000000 0x0804814c in ?? () 0x08048150 in ?? () eax 0x2 2 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 0x08048151 in ?? () 0x08048152 in ?? () eax 0x2 2 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 A debugging session is active. Inferior 1 [process 3150655] will be killed. Quit anyway? (y or n) [answered Y; input not from terminal] Shell cwd was reset to /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
$ cd /tmp/mkfs_build cat > gdb_cmds3.txt << 'EOF' set architecture i386 break *0x8048149 run hello_world_arg stepi 5 info registers eip esp ebp x/i $pc stepi info registers eax x/i $pc stepi info registers eax x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc quit EOF timeout 30 gdb -q -batch -x gdb_cmds3.txt --args ./argv_test hello_world_arg 2>&1 | head -100
The target architecture is set to "i386". Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048149 Breakpoint 1, 0x08048149 in ?? () 0x080480bf in ?? () eip 0x80480bf 0x80480bf esp 0xffffcab4 0xffffcab4 ebp 0x0 0x0 => 0x80480bf: push %ebp 0x080480c0 in ?? () eax 0x2 2 => 0x80480c0: mov %esp,%ebp 0x080480c2 in ?? () eax 0x2 2 => 0x80480c2: mov $0x1,%eax 0x080480c7 in ?? () eax 0x1 1 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480c7: push %eax 0x080480c8 in ?? () eax 0x1 1 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480c8: mov $0x1,%eax 0x080480cd in ?? () eax 0x1 1 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480cd: push %eax 0x080480ce in ?? () eax 0x1 1 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480ce: lea 0xc(%ebp),%eax 0x080480d4 in ?? () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480d4: mov (%eax),%eax A debugging session is active. Inferior 1 [process 3150888] will be killed. Quit anyway? (y or n) [answered Y; input not from terminal] Shell cwd was reset to /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
$ cd /tmp/mkfs_build cat > gdb_cmds4.txt << 'EOF' set architecture i386 break *0x8048149 run hello_world_arg stepi 11 x/1xw 0xffffcabc info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc stepi info registers eax ecx x/i $pc quit EOF timeout 30 gdb -q -batch -x gdb_cmds4.txt --args ./argv_test hello_world_arg 2>&1 | head -80
The target architecture is set to "i386". Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048149 Breakpoint 1, 0x08048149 in ?? () 0x080480ce in ?? () 0xffffcabc: 0xffffcac4 eax 0x1 1 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480ce: lea 0xc(%ebp),%eax 0x080480d4 in ?? () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480d4: mov (%eax),%eax 0x080480d6 in ?? () eax 0xffffcac4 -13628 ecx 0xffffcac4 -13628 => 0x80480d6: pop %ecx 0x080480d7 in ?? () eax 0xffffcac4 -13628 ecx 0x1 1 => 0x80480d7: imul %ecx,%ecx 0x080480da in ?? () eax 0xffffcac4 -13628 ecx 0x1 1 => 0x80480da: add %ecx,%eax A debugging session is active. Inferior 1 [process 3151162] will be killed. Quit anyway? (y or n) [answered Y; input not from terminal] Shell cwd was reset to /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
$ grep -n "imul" toolchain/as/*.c
toolchain/as/encode.c:468: if (strcmp(m, "imul") == 0 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg)) {$ sed -n '450,500p' toolchain/as/encode.c
e32(&e, (uint32_t)v);
return e.len;
}
if (a->kind == OPND_MEM && b->kind == OPND_IMM && a->size_override == 1) {
e8(&e, 0xC6);
encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, a, 0, st->section, st->offset, strict);
e8(&e, (uint8_t)b->disp);
return e.len;
}
}
}
if (strcmp(m, "lea") == 0 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg) && b->kind == OPND_MEM) {
e8(&e, 0x8D);
encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, b, regnum(a->reg), st->section, st->offset, strict);
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "imul") == 0 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg)) {
e8(&e, 0x0F); e8(&e, 0xAF);
encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, b, regnum(a->reg), st->section, st->offset, strict);
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "idiv") == 0 && (a->kind == OPND_REG || a->kind == OPND_MEM)) {
e8(&e, 0xF7);
encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, a, 7, st->section, st->offset, strict);
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "not") == 0 && (a->kind == OPND_REG || a->kind == OPND_MEM)) {
e8(&e, 0xF7);
encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, a, 2, st->section, st->offset, strict);
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "neg") == 0 && (a->kind == OPND_REG || a->kind == OPND_MEM)) {
e8(&e, 0xF7);
encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, a, 3, st->section, st->offset, strict);
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "cdq") == 0) { e8(&e, 0x99); return e.len; }
if (strncmp(m, "set", 3) == 0 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg8(a->reg)) {
static const struct { const char *suf; uint8_t op; } cc[] = {
{ "e", 0x94 }, { "ne", 0x95 }, { "l", 0x9C }, { "le", 0x9E }, { "g", 0x9F }, { "ge", 0x9D },
};
for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(cc) / sizeof(cc[0]); i++) {
char full[16];
snprintf(full, sizeof(full), "set%s", cc[i].suf);
if (strcmp(m, full) == 0) {
e8(&e, 0x0F); e8(&e, cc[i].op);
e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0xC0 | regnum(a->reg)));
return e.len;$ grep -n "operand.*c\|opnd\[2\]\|->c\b\|n_operands\|instr_t {" toolchain/as/*.h toolchain/as/parser.c | head -30toolchain/as/as.h:61: R_DX_PORT, /* `dx` used as an I/O port operand - same encoding as R_DX, kept distinct only for clarity at parse time */
$ grep -n "struct.*operand\|operand_t\|opnd_a\|opnd_b\|OPND_" toolchain/as/as.h | head -30
47: OPND_NONE, 48: OPND_REG, 49: OPND_IMM, /* constant expression, possibly symbol-relative (see sym[]) */ 50: OPND_MEM, /* [sym], [sym+disp], [reg], [reg+disp] */ 51: OPND_FAR, /* SEG:OFFSET - only for far jmp; imm.reg-less seg value + sym offset */ 66: reg_t reg; /* OPND_REG, or base register for OPND_MEM (R_NONE = no base, direct address) */ 67: int has_sym; /* OPND_IMM/OPND_MEM/OPND_FAR: value is symbol-relative */ 69: int64_t disp; /* constant part; for OPND_IMM with no symbol, this is the whole value */ 71: int64_t far_seg; /* OPND_FAR only: segment selector constant part */ 72: int far_seg_has_sym; /* OPND_FAR only: segment selector is symbol-relative (e.g. a forward-referenced EQU) */ 74:} operand_t; 78: operand_t ops[2];
$ find . -path "*/tests/toolchain*" -name "*pointer*" cat tests/toolchain/t04_pointers.c 2>/dev/null || find . -iname "*t04*"
./tests/toolchain/t04_pointers.c
int arr_sum(int *a, int n) {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
total = total + a[i];
}
return total;
}
void inc_via_ptr(int *p) {
*p = *p + 1;
}
int main(void) {
int nums[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
nums[i] = i * 2;
}
/* nums = 0,2,4,6,8 -> sum = 20 */
int x = 10;
int *px = &x;
inc_via_ptr(px);
/* x = 11 */
char buf[4];
buf[0] = 'a';
buf[1] = 'b';
buf[2] = 'c';
buf[3] = 0;
int charsum = buf[0] + buf[1] + buf[2]; /* 'a'+'b'+'c' = 97+98+99=294 */
return arr_sum(nums, 5) + x - charsum + 294; /* 20 + 11 - 294 + 294 = 31 */
}$ grep -n "imul" toolchain/cc/codegen.c
107: if (sz > 1) out(" imul ecx, ecx, %d\n", sz);
113: if (sz > 1) out(" imul eax, eax, %d\n", sz);
121: case TK_STAR: out(" imul eax, ecx\n"); return;
182: case TK_STAREQ: out(" imul eax, ecx\n"); break;$ grep -n "ops\[0\]\|ops\[1\]\|ops\[2\]\|n_ops\|parse_operand\|too many operands" toolchain/as/parser.c | head -30
264:static operand_t parse_operand(pstate_t *ps, line_t *ln) {
351: st.ops[0].kind = OPND_IMM;
352: st.ops[0].has_sym = v.has_sym;
353: if (v.has_sym) safe_strcpy(st.ops[0].sym, v.sym, MAX_NAME);
354: st.ops[0].disp = v.val;
442: st.ops[0].kind = OPND_IMM;
443: st.ops[0].disp = pad;
452: st.ops[0].kind = OPND_IMM;
453: st.ops[0].disp = v.val;
465: st.ops[0].disp = count.val;
466: st.ops[1].disp = val.val;
481: st.ops[0] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
483: /* far jmp: `jmp SEG:OFFSET` - the value just parsed as ops[0] is
484: * actually the segment; re-read it as ops[0].far_seg and parse
485: * the offset as the real ops[0]. */
488: operand_t seg = st.ops[0];
489: operand_t off = parse_operand(ps, ln);
498: st.ops[0] = far;
501: st.ops[1] = parse_operand(ps, ln);$ sed -n '475,515p' toolchain/as/parser.c
/* instruction */
stmt_t st = {0};
safe_strcpy(st.mnemonic, head.text, sizeof(st.mnemonic));
for (char *p = st.mnemonic; *p; p++) *p = (char)tolower((unsigned char)*p);
if (line_peek(ln).kind != TK_NEWLINE && line_peek(ln).kind != TK_EOF) {
st.ops[0] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
st.nops = 1;
/* far jmp: `jmp SEG:OFFSET` - the value just parsed as ops[0] is
* actually the segment; re-read it as ops[0].far_seg and parse
* the offset as the real ops[0]. */
if (ieq(st.mnemonic, "jmp") && line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COLON) {
line_next(ln);
operand_t seg = st.ops[0];
operand_t off = parse_operand(ps, ln);
operand_t far = {0};
far.kind = OPND_FAR;
far.has_sym = off.has_sym;
safe_strcpy(far.sym, off.sym, MAX_NAME);
far.disp = off.disp;
far.far_seg = seg.disp;
far.far_seg_has_sym = seg.has_sym; /* e.g. a forward-referenced EQU like CODE_SEG - deferred to pass 2 */
safe_strcpy(far.far_seg_sym, seg.sym, MAX_NAME);
st.ops[0] = far;
} else if (line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COMMA) {
line_next(ln);
st.ops[1] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
st.nops = 2;
}
}
push_stmt(ps, st);
}
/* --- driver --- */
int as_parse_pass1(asm_ctx_t *ctx, const char *src, const char *filename) {
pstate_t ps = {0};
ps.ctx = ctx;
ps.bits = 16;
ps.cur_section = SEC_TEXT;
ps.filename = filename;90 exit(1);
91 }
92 }
93
94 /* ---------------- expressions ---------------- */
95
96 static void codegen_binop(node_t *n) {
97 int a_is_ptr = n->a->type->kind == TY_PTR || n->a->type->kind == TY_ARRAY;
98 codegen_expr(n->b);
99 out(" push eax\n");
100 codegen_expr(n->a);
101 out(" pop ecx\n");
102 /* Pointer arithmetic: scale whichever side is the integer operand.
103 * eax=a, ecx=b at this point (per the evaluation order above). */
104 if ((n->op == TK_PLUS || n->op == TK_MINUS) && (n->type->kind == TY_PTR || n->type->kind == TY_ARRAY)) {
105 int sz = type_size(n->type->base);
106 if (a_is_ptr) {
107 if (sz > 1) out(" imul ecx, ecx, %d\n", sz);
108 } else {
109 /* eax=int, ecx=pointer - scale eax then swap via the stack
110 * (no xchg instruction in this ISA) so eax ends up holding
111 * the pointer and ecx the scaled offset, matching every
112 * other case's eax-is-left-operand convention below. */
113 if (sz > 1) out(" imul eax, eax, %d\n", sz);
114 out(" push eax\n mov eax, ecx\n pop ecx\n");
115 }
116 }
117
118 switch (n->op) {
119 case TK_PLUS: out(" add eax, ecx\n"); return;
120 case TK_MINUS: out(" sub eax, ecx\n"); return;
121 case TK_STAR: out(" imul eax, ecx\n"); return;
122 case TK_SLASH: out(" cdq\n idiv ecx\n"); return;
123 case TK_PERCENT: out(" cdq\n idiv ecx\n mov eax, edx\n"); return;
124 case TK_AMP: out(" and eax, ecx\n"); return;
125 case TK_PIPE: out(" or eax, ecx\n"); return;
126 case TK_CARET: out(" xor eax, ecx\n"); return;
127 /* eax=value, ecx=count already, from the evaluation order above -
128 * the shift-count-in-CL hardware requirement is satisfied
129 * directly, no register shuffling needed. */$ grep -n "imul\|nops" toolchain/as/parser.c toolchain/as/encode.c toolchain/as/as.h
toolchain/as/encode.c:468: if (strcmp(m, "imul") == 0 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg)) {
toolchain/as/parser.c:350: st.nops = 1;
toolchain/as/parser.c:441: st.nops = 1;
toolchain/as/parser.c:451: st.nops = 1;
toolchain/as/parser.c:464: st.nops = 2;
toolchain/as/parser.c:482: st.nops = 1;
toolchain/as/parser.c:502: st.nops = 2;
toolchain/as/as.h:79: int nops;$ cat tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Compiles each tests/toolchain/*.c fixture through CC (--target=host) +
# AS, links with GNU ld (interim - LD doesn't exist until Phase T5), runs
# it directly, and checks the exit code. Fast host-side iteration for the
# compiler; kernel-target builtins (port I/O etc) are verified separately
# via a QEMU boot, since they can't run on the host.
set -euo pipefail
cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
CC=${CC_BIN:-build/toolchain/cc}
AS=${AS_BIN:-build/toolchain/as}
BUILD=build/toolchain_tests
mkdir -p "$BUILD" build/toolchain
# Not wired into the main Makefile yet (that's Phase T7) - bootstrap with
# the host compiler if the tools haven't been built already.
if [ ! -x "$CC" ]; then
gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o "$CC" \
toolchain/cc/lexer.c toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c toolchain/cc/types.c \
toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/builtins.c toolchain/cc/main.c
fi
if [ ! -x "$AS" ]; then
gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o "$AS" \
toolchain/as/lexer.c toolchain/as/parser.c toolchain/as/encode.c \
toolchain/as/bin_writer.c toolchain/as/elf_writer.c toolchain/as/main.c
fi
declare -A EXPECTED=(
[t01_basic]=5
[t02_control]=7
[t02_types]=42
[t03_recursion]=55
[t04_pointers]=31
[t05_structs]=17
)
fail=0
for src in tests/toolchain/*.c; do
name=$(basename "$src" .c)
exp=${EXPECTED[$name]:-}
if [ -z "$exp" ]; then
echo "SKIP $name (no expected value registered)"
continue
fi
"$CC" -I toolchain/include --target=host -o "$BUILD/$name.S" "$src"
"$AS" -f elf32 -o "$BUILD/$name.o" "$BUILD/$name.S"
ld -m elf_i386 -o "$BUILD/$name" "$BUILD/$name.o"
set +e
"$BUILD/$name"
got=$?
set -e
if [ "$got" -eq "$exp" ]; then
echo "PASS $name ($got)"
else
echo "FAIL $name: expected $exp, got $got"
fail=1
fi
done
if [ "$fail" -eq 0 ]; then
echo "run_toolchain_tests: PASS"
else
echo "run_toolchain_tests: FAIL"
exit 1
fi$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/cc -I toolchain/include --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.S tests/toolchain/t04_pointers.c grep -n "imul" /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.S
38: imul ecx, ecx, 4 113: imul ecx, ecx, 4 121: imul eax, ecx
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.S ld -m elf_i386 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test; echo "exit=$?"
exit=31
$ objdump -d -M intel /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.o 2>&1 | grep -A2 -B2 "imul"
63: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 65: 59 pop ecx 66: 0f af c9 imul ecx,ecx 69: 03 c1 add eax,ecx 6b: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] -- 11b: 8d 85 ec ff ff ff lea eax,[ebp-0x14] 121: 59 pop ecx 122: 0f af c9 imul ecx,ecx 125: 03 c1 add eax,ecx 127: 50 push eax -- 134: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 136: 59 pop ecx 137: 0f af c1 imul eax,ecx 13a: 59 pop ecx 13b: 89 01 mov DWORD PTR [ecx],eax
$ sed -n '1,50p' /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.S
BITS 32
section .text
global arr_sum
arr_sum:
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
sub esp, 8
lea eax, [ebp-4]
push eax
mov eax, 0
pop ecx
mov [ecx], eax
lea eax, [ebp-8]
push eax
mov eax, 0
pop ecx
mov [ecx], eax
.L0:
lea eax, [ebp+12]
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
lea eax, [ebp-8]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
cmp eax, ecx
setl al
movzx eax, al
cmp eax, 0
je .L1
lea eax, [ebp-4]
push eax
lea eax, [ebp-8]
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
lea eax, [ebp+8]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
imul ecx, ecx, 4
add eax, ecx
mov eax, [eax]
push eax
lea eax, [ebp-4]
mov eax, [eax]
pop ecx
add eax, ecx
pop ecx
mov [ecx], eax
.L2:
lea eax, [ebp-8]
mov ecx, eax$ python3 -c "
import struct
with open('/tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test','rb') as f:
d = f.read()
e_entry = struct.unpack('<I', d[24:28])[0]
print(hex(e_entry))
"
grep -n "^arr_sum:\|^inc_via_ptr:\|^main:" /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.S0x8049279 4:arr_sum: 68:inc_via_ptr: 88:main:
$ nm /tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test 2>&1 | grep -i "arr_sum\|main\b" readelf -s /tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test 2>&1 | grep -i "arr_sum\| main\b"
08049000 T arr_sum
08049027 t arr_sum.L0
08049097 t arr_sum.L1
0804907c t arr_sum.L2
080490d7 T main
080490ef t main.L3
08049158 t main.L4
0804913d t main.L5
2: 08049027 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 arr_sum.L0
3: 0804907c 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 arr_sum.L2
4: 08049097 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 arr_sum.L1
5: 080490ef 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 main.L3
6: 0804913d 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 main.L5
7: 08049158 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 1 main.L4
9: 08049000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 1 arr_sum
12: 080490d7 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 1 main$ objdump -d -M intel /tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test 2>&1 | sed -n '/<arr_sum>:/,/<inc_via_ptr>:/p' | grep -n "imul\|8049" | head -20
1:08049000 <arr_sum>: 2: 8049000: 55 push ebp 3: 8049001: 8b ec mov ebp,esp 4: 8049003: 81 ec 08 00 00 00 sub esp,0x8 5: 8049009: 8d 85 fc ff ff ff lea eax,[ebp-0x4] 6: 804900f: 50 push eax 7: 8049010: b8 00 00 00 00 mov eax,0x0 8: 8049015: 59 pop ecx 9: 8049016: 89 01 mov DWORD PTR [ecx],eax 10: 8049018: 8d 85 f8 ff ff ff lea eax,[ebp-0x8] 11: 804901e: 50 push eax 12: 804901f: b8 00 00 00 00 mov eax,0x0 13: 8049024: 59 pop ecx 14: 8049025: 89 01 mov DWORD PTR [ecx],eax 16:08049027 <arr_sum.L0>: 17: 8049027: 8d 85 0c 00 00 00 lea eax,[ebp+0xc] 18: 804902d: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 19: 804902f: 50 push eax 20: 8049030: 8d 85 f8 ff ff ff lea eax,[ebp-0x8] 21: 8049036: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax]
$ objdump -d -M intel /tmp/mkfs_build/t04_test 2>&1 | sed -n '/<arr_sum>:/,/<inc_via_ptr>:/p' | grep -A2 -B10 "imul" | head -30
8049041: 81 f8 00 00 00 00 cmp eax,0x0 8049047: 0f 84 4a 00 00 00 je 8049097 <arr_sum.L1> 804904d: 8d 85 fc ff ff ff lea eax,[ebp-0x4] 8049053: 50 push eax 8049054: 8d 85 f8 ff ff ff lea eax,[ebp-0x8] 804905a: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 804905c: 50 push eax 804905d: 8d 85 08 00 00 00 lea eax,[ebp+0x8] 8049063: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax] 8049065: 59 pop ecx 8049066: 0f af c9 imul ecx,ecx 8049069: 03 c1 add eax,ecx 804906b: 8b 00 mov eax,DWORD PTR [eax]
$ cd /tmp/mkfs_build cat > gdb_cmds5.txt << 'EOF' set architecture i386 break *0x8049066 run info registers eax ecx c info registers eax ecx c info registers eax ecx c info registers eax ecx c info registers eax ecx quit EOF timeout 30 gdb -q -batch -x gdb_cmds5.txt ./t04_test 2>&1
The target architecture is set to "i386". Breakpoint 1 at 0x8049066 Breakpoint 1, 0x08049066 in arr_sum.L0 () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0x0 0 Breakpoint 1, 0x08049066 in arr_sum.L0 () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0x1 1 Breakpoint 1, 0x08049066 in arr_sum.L0 () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0x2 2 Breakpoint 1, 0x08049066 in arr_sum.L0 () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0x3 3 Breakpoint 1, 0x08049066 in arr_sum.L0 () eax 0xffffcabc -13636 ecx 0x4 4 A debugging session is active. Inferior 1 [process 3154184] will be killed. Quit anyway? (y or n) [answered Y; input not from terminal] Shell cwd was reset to /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
$ grep -n "fits_imm8\|INT8_MIN\|int8_t\|imm8\b" toolchain/as/encode.c | head -20
36: uint8_t *out;
40:static void e8(emitter_t *e, uint8_t b) {
150: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0xC0 | (reg_field << 3) | regnum(rm->reg)));
155: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0x04 | (reg_field << 3)));
158: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0x44 | (reg_field << 3)));
160: e8(e, (uint8_t)rm->disp);
165: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0x85 | (reg_field << 3)));
177: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0x00 | (reg_field << 3) | regnum(rm->reg)));
179: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0x80 | (reg_field << 3) | regnum(rm->reg)));
185: e8(e, (uint8_t)(0x05 | (reg_field << 3)));
193: * base+4 = AL,imm8 ; base+5 = eAX,imm32 ; group1 (0x81 /ext) = r/m,imm32 */
207:int stmt_encode(asm_ctx_t *ctx, stmt_t *st, uint8_t *out, int strict) {
220: if (width == 1) e8(&e, (uint8_t)v);
232: for (int64_t i = 0; i < a->disp; i++) e8(&e, (uint8_t)b->disp);
244: e8(&e, (uint8_t)(base + 3)); /* r32, r/m32 */
249: e8(&e, (uint8_t)(base + 1)); /* r/m32, r32 */
254: e8(&e, 0x81); /* r/m32, imm32 (always full-size - no imm8 sign-extend optimization) */
268: e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0x01 + ext * 8));
269: e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0xC0 | (regnum(b->reg) << 3) | regnum(a->reg)));
273: e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0x01 + ext * 8));$ grep -n "typedef struct" toolchain/as/as.h | head; sed -n '75,90p' toolchain/as/as.h
34:typedef struct {
64:typedef struct {
76:typedef struct {
89:typedef struct {
97:typedef struct {
124:typedef struct {
130:typedef struct {
typedef struct {
char mnemonic[16];
operand_t ops[2];
int nops;
section_kind_t section;
uint32_t offset; /* byte offset within section where this statement's bytes start */
uint32_t length; /* encoded length in bytes, fixed once computed in pass 1 */
int bits; /* 16 or 32 - effective mode when this statement was parsed */
int line_no;
} stmt_t;
typedef enum { RELOC_PC32, RELOC_ABS32 } reloc_kind_t;
typedef struct {
section_kind_t section;- typedef struct {
- char mnemonic[16];
- operand_t ops[2];
- int nops;
+ typedef struct {
+ char mnemonic[16];
+ operand_t ops[3]; /* only imul r32, r/m32, imm32 uses a 3rd operand */
+ int nops;The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as/as.h has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
474
475 /* instruction */
476 stmt_t st = {0};
477 safe_strcpy(st.mnemonic, head.text, sizeof(st.mnemonic));
478 for (char *p = st.mnemonic; *p; p++) *p = (char)tolower((unsigned char)*p);
479
480 if (line_peek(ln).kind != TK_NEWLINE && line_peek(ln).kind != TK_EOF) {
481 st.ops[0] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
482 st.nops = 1;
483 /* far jmp: `jmp SEG:OFFSET` - the value just parsed as ops[0] is
484 * actually the segment; re-read it as ops[0].far_seg and parse
485 * the offset as the real ops[0]. */
486 if (ieq(st.mnemonic, "jmp") && line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COLON) {
487 line_next(ln);
488 operand_t seg = st.ops[0];
489 operand_t off = parse_operand(ps, ln);
490 operand_t far = {0};
491 far.kind = OPND_FAR;
492 far.has_sym = off.has_sym;
493 safe_strcpy(far.sym, off.sym, MAX_NAME);
494 far.disp = off.disp;
495 far.far_seg = seg.disp;
496 far.far_seg_has_sym = seg.has_sym; /* e.g. a forward-referenced EQU like CODE_SEG - deferred to pass 2 */
497 safe_strcpy(far.far_seg_sym, seg.sym, MAX_NAME);
498 st.ops[0] = far;
499 } else if (line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COMMA) {
500 line_next(ln);
501 st.ops[1] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
502 st.nops = 2;
503 }- } else if (line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COMMA) {
- line_next(ln);
- st.ops[1] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
- st.nops = 2;
- }
+ } else if (line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COMMA) {
+ line_next(ln);
+ st.ops[1] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
+ st.nops = 2;
+ /* only `imul r32, r/m32, imm32` uses a 3rd operand - without
+ * this, a trailing `, imm` was silently dropped (never
+ * consumed, never reported as an error) and the immediate
+ * scale factor was lost, e.g. `imul ecx, ecx, 4` for array
+ * indexing silently became `imul ecx, ecx` (self-square
+ * instead of *4) - see docs/toolchain.md. */
+ if (line_peek(ln).kind == TK_COMMA) {
+ line_next(ln);
+ st.ops[2] = parse_operand(ps, ln);
+ st.nops = 3;
+ }
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ grep -n "nops" toolchain/as/encode.c
(Bash completed with no output)
207 int stmt_encode(asm_ctx_t *ctx, stmt_t *st, uint8_t *out, int strict) {
208 emitter_t e = { out, 0 };
209 const char *m = st->mnemonic;
210 operand_t *a = &st->ops[0];
211 operand_t *b = &st->ops[1];
212 int is_bin = ctx->have_org;
213
214 /* --- pseudo-ops for data directives: one scalar value per stmt --- */
215 if (strcmp(m, ".db") == 0 || strcmp(m, ".dw") == 0 || strcmp(m, ".dd") == 0 || strcmp(m, ".dq") == 0) {
216 int width = strcmp(m, ".db") == 0 ? 1 : strcmp(m, ".dw") == 0 ? 2 : strcmp(m, ".dd") == 0 ? 4 : 8;
217 int64_t v = a->has_sym
218 ? resolve_abs(ctx, is_bin, a->sym, a->disp, st->section, st->offset, strict)
219 : a->disp;
220 if (width == 1) e8(&e, (uint8_t)v);
221 else if (width == 2) e16(&e, (uint16_t)v);
222 else if (width == 4) e32(&e, (uint32_t)v);
223 else { e32(&e, (uint32_t)v); e32(&e, (uint32_t)(v >> 32)); }
224 return e.len;
225 }
226 if (strcmp(m, ".resb") == 0) {
227 for (int64_t i = 0; i < a->disp; i++) e8(&e, 0);
228 return e.len;
229 }
230 if (strcmp(m, ".pad") == 0) {
231 /* `times N db V` folds to one .pad stmt: a->disp = N, b->disp = V */
232 for (int64_t i = 0; i < a->disp; i++) e8(&e, (uint8_t)b->disp);
233 return e.len;
234 }
235
236 /* --- generic 32-bit ALU ops (add/or/and/sub/xor/cmp): reg<->reg,
237 * reg<->mem(ebp/esp/label), reg<->imm32 - what CC's codegen emits.
238 * Gated on bits==32 so this can never shadow the 16-bit real-mode
239 * forms below (which have their own, narrower matches). */
240 {
241 int base, ext;
242 if (st->bits == 32 && alu_lookup(m, &base, &ext)) {
243 if (a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg) && (b->kind == OPND_REG || b->kind == OPND_MEM)) {
244 e8(&e, (uint8_t)(base + 3)); /* r32, r/m32 */
245 encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, b, regnum(a->reg), st->section, st->offset, strict);
246 return e.len;- operand_t *a = &st->ops[0]; - operand_t *b = &st->ops[1]; + operand_t *a = &st->ops[0]; + operand_t *b = &st->ops[1]; + operand_t *c = &st->ops[2];
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as/encode.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
- if (strcmp(m, "imul") == 0 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg)) {
- e8(&e, 0x0F); e8(&e, 0xAF);
- encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, b, regnum(a->reg), st->section, st->offset, strict);
- return e.len;
- }
+ if (strcmp(m, "imul") == 0 && st->nops == 3 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg) && c->kind == OPND_IMM) {
+ /* imul r32, r/m32, imm32 - always full-size, same "no imm8
+ * sign-extend optimization" convention as the group1 ALU ops
+ * above (see the .db/.pad branch's imm32 comment). */
+ e8(&e, 0x69);
+ encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, b, regnum(a->reg), st->section, st->offset, strict);
+ int64_t v = c->has_sym
+ ? resolve_abs(ctx, is_bin, c->sym, c->disp, st->section, st->offset, strict)
+ : c->disp;
+ e32(&e, (uint32_t)v);
+ return e.len;
+ }
+ if (strcmp(m, "imul") == 0 && st->bits == 32 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg)) {
+ e8(&e, 0x0F); e8(&e, 0xAF);
+ encode_rm32(&e, ctx, is_bin, b, regnum(a->reg), st->section, st->offset, strict);
+ return e.len;
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as/encode.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ grep -n "stmt_length\|\.length = \|as_encode_pass2\|as_parse_pass1" toolchain/as/*.c | head -20
toolchain/as/main.c:40: if (as_parse_pass1(&ctx, src, inpath) != 0) {
toolchain/as/main.c:44: if (as_encode_pass2(&ctx) != 0) {
toolchain/as/encode.c:660:int as_encode_pass2(asm_ctx_t *ctx) {
toolchain/as/parser.c:316: st.length = (uint32_t)len;
toolchain/as/parser.c:521:int as_parse_pass1(asm_ctx_t *ctx, const char *src, const char *filename) {$ grep -n "stmt_encode\|->length" toolchain/as/*.c | head -30
toolchain/as/encode.c:207:int stmt_encode(asm_ctx_t *ctx, stmt_t *st, uint8_t *out, int strict) {
toolchain/as/encode.c:665: int len = stmt_encode(ctx, st, dst, 1);
toolchain/as/encode.c:666: if ((uint32_t)len != st->length) {
toolchain/as/encode.c:668: st->mnemonic, st->line_no, st->length, len);
toolchain/as/parser.c:315: int len = stmt_encode(ctx, &st, NULL, 0); /* dry run: length only, no relocations yet */$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o build/toolchain/as toolchain/as/lexer.c toolchain/as/parser.c toolchain/as/encode.c toolchain/as/bin_writer.c toolchain/as/elf_writer.c toolchain/as/main.c 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ set -e build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.o /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.S objdump -d -M intel /tmp/mkfs_build/t04.o 2>&1 | grep -A1 -B1 "imul" echo --- build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.S build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test.o /tmp/mkfs_build/argv_test hello_world_arg
65: 59 pop ecx 66: 69 c9 04 00 00 00 imul ecx,ecx,0x4 6c: 03 c1 add eax,ecx -- 124: 59 pop ecx 125: 69 c9 04 00 00 00 imul ecx,ecx,0x4 12b: 03 c1 add eax,ecx -- 13c: 59 pop ecx 13d: 0f af c1 imul eax,ecx 140: 59 pop ecx --- hello_world_arg
$ set -e rm -f /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o echo "full pipeline: OK" cp build/disk.img /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc echo "mkfs_tinyfs (our own toolchain) rc=$?"
full pipeline: OK /bin/bash: line 24: 3159623 Segmentation fault (core dumped) /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc mkfs_tinyfs (our own toolchain) rc=139
$ strace -f /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc 2>&1 | head -30
execve("/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs", ["/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs", "/tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img", "tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh", "tests/hello.tc:hello.tc"], 0x7ffcc4c40020 /* 78 vars */) = 0
[ Process PID=3159743 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
open("/tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img", O_RDWR) = 3
--- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SEGV_MAPERR, si_addr=0x10} ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV (core dumped) +++$ grep -n "tinyfs_init\|read_fn\|write_fn" kernel/fs/tinyfs.h kernel/fs/tinyfs.c | head -10
kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:53:typedef void (*tinyfs_block_read_fn)(uint32_t block, void *buf);
kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:54:typedef void (*tinyfs_block_write_fn)(uint32_t block, const void *buf);
kernel/fs/tinyfs.h:56:void tinyfs_init(tinyfs_block_read_fn read_fn, tinyfs_block_write_fn write_fn);
kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:9:static tinyfs_block_read_fn block_read;
kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:10:static tinyfs_block_write_fn block_write;
kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:16:void tinyfs_init(tinyfs_block_read_fn read_fn, tinyfs_block_write_fn write_fn) {
kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:17: block_read = read_fn;
kernel/fs/tinyfs.c:18: block_write = write_fn;$ grep -n "ND_VAR\b" toolchain/cc/codegen.c | head -10
70: case ND_VAR: 152: case ND_VAR:
55 }
56
57 /* Stores EAX's value into the address in ECX. */
58 static void store_value(type_t *t) {
59 if (is_byte_type(t)) {
60 out(" mov [ecx], al\n");
61 } else {
62 out(" mov [ecx], eax\n");
63 }
64 }
65
66 /* ---------------- lvalue addresses ---------------- */
67
68 static void codegen_addr(node_t *n) {
69 switch (n->kind) {
70 case ND_VAR:
71 if (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) {
72 out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
73 } else {
74 out(" lea eax, [ebp%+d]\n", n->frame_offset);
75 }
76 return;
77 case ND_MEMBER:
78 codegen_addr(n->a);
79 if (n->num) out(" add eax, %lld\n", (long long)n->num);
80 return;
81 case ND_ARROW:
82 codegen_expr(n->a);
83 if (n->num) out(" add eax, %lld\n", (long long)n->num);
84 return;
85 case ND_DEREF:
86 codegen_expr(n->a);
87 return;
88 default:
89 fprintf(stderr, "cc: internal error: not an lvalue (kind %d)\n", n->kind);
90 exit(1);
91 }
92 }
93
94 /* ---------------- expressions ---------------- */
95
96 static void codegen_binop(node_t *n) {
97 int a_is_ptr = n->a->type->kind == TY_PTR || n->a->type->kind == TY_ARRAY;
98 codegen_expr(n->b);
99 out(" push eax\n");
100 codegen_expr(n->a);
101 out(" pop ecx\n");
102 /* Pointer arithmetic: scale whichever side is the integer operand.
103 * eax=a, ecx=b at this point (per the evaluation order above). */
104 if ((n->op == TK_PLUS || n->op == TK_MINUS) && (n->type->kind == TY_PTR || n->type->kind == TY_ARRAY)) {
105 int sz = type_size(n->type->base);
106 if (a_is_ptr) {
107 if (sz > 1) out(" imul ecx, ecx, %d\n", sz);
108 } else {
109 /* eax=int, ecx=pointer - scale eax then swap via the stack
110 * (no xchg instruction in this ISA) so eax ends up holding
111 * the pointer and ecx the scaled offset, matching every
112 * other case's eax-is-left-operand convention below. */
113 if (sz > 1) out(" imul eax, eax, %d\n", sz);
114 out(" push eax\n mov eax, ecx\n pop ecx\n");
115 }
116 }
117
118 switch (n->op) {
119 case TK_PLUS: out(" add eax, ecx\n"); return;
120 case TK_MINUS: out(" sub eax, ecx\n"); return;
121 case TK_STAR: out(" imul eax, ecx\n"); return;
122 case TK_SLASH: out(" cdq\n idiv ecx\n"); return;
123 case TK_PERCENT: out(" cdq\n idiv ecx\n mov eax, edx\n"); return;
124 case TK_AMP: out(" and eax, ecx\n"); return;
125 case TK_PIPE: out(" or eax, ecx\n"); return;
126 case TK_CARET: out(" xor eax, ecx\n"); return;
127 /* eax=value, ecx=count already, from the evaluation order above -
128 * the shift-count-in-CL hardware requirement is satisfied
129 * directly, no register shuffling needed. */
130 case TK_SHL: out(" shl eax, cl\n"); return;
131 case TK_SHR: out(" shr eax, cl\n"); return;
132 case TK_EQ: out(" cmp eax, ecx\n sete al\n movzx eax, al\n"); return;
133 case TK_NEQ: out(" cmp eax, ecx\n setne al\n movzx eax, al\n"); return;
134 case TK_LT: out(" cmp eax, ecx\n setl al\n movzx eax, al\n"); return;
135 case TK_LE: out(" cmp eax, ecx\n setle al\n movzx eax, al\n"); return;
136 case TK_GT: out(" cmp eax, ecx\n setg al\n movzx eax, al\n"); return;
137 case TK_GE: out(" cmp eax, ecx\n setge al\n movzx eax, al\n"); return;
138 default:
139 fprintf(stderr, "cc: internal error: unsupported binop\n");
140 exit(1);
141 }
142 }
143
144 static void codegen_expr(node_t *n) {$ grep -n "parse_func\b" toolchain/cc/parser.c | head -5
834:static node_t *parse_func(parser_t *p, const char *name, type_t *functy, 916: decl = parse_func(&p, name, t, param_names, n_params, is_static);
$ sed -n '834,892p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
static node_t *parse_func(parser_t *p, const char *name, type_t *functy,
char param_names[][MAX_NAME], int n_params, int is_static) {
sym_t *fs = add_global(p, name, functy);
if (match(p, TK_SEMI)) return NULL; /* prototype only */
p->locals = NULL;
p->frame_size = 0;
p->cur_func_ret = functy->base;
node_t *n = node_new(ND_FUNC_DEF);
safe_strcpy(n->name, name, MAX_NAME);
n->type = functy->base;
n->is_global = !is_static; /* controls whether codegen emits `global` - C's static limits linkage */
safe_strcpy(n->asm_label, name, MAX_NAME);
/* cdecl: EBP+8, +12, ... for params, in order */
type_t *pt = functy->param;
int off = 8;
node_t *ptail = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < n_params && pt; i++, pt = pt->next) {
sym_t *s = calloc(1, sizeof(sym_t));
safe_strcpy(s->name, param_names[i], MAX_NAME);
s->type = pt;
s->frame_offset = off;
s->next = p->locals;
p->locals = s;
off += 4;
node_t *pn = node_new(ND_VAR_DECL);
safe_strcpy(pn->name, param_names[i], MAX_NAME);
pn->type = pt;
pn->frame_offset = s->frame_offset;
if (!n->list) n->list = pn; else ptail->next = pn;
ptail = pn;
}
n->b = parse_block(p);
n->num = p->frame_size;
fs->type = functy;
return n;
}
static node_t *parse_typedef(parser_t *p) {
advance(p); /* 'typedef' */
type_t *base = parse_type_spec(p, NULL, NULL);
char name[MAX_NAME];
type_t *t = parse_declarator(p, base, name, NULL, NULL);
expect(p, TK_SEMI);
sym_t *s = calloc(1, sizeof(sym_t));
safe_strcpy(s->name, name, MAX_NAME);
s->type = t;
s->is_typedef = 1;
s->next = p->globals;
p->globals = s;
return node_new(ND_NOP);
}
node_t *cc_parse(token_t *toks, int n_toks) {$ grep -n "static sym_t \*add_global\|add_global(parser_t" toolchain/cc/parser.c
92:static sym_t *add_global(parser_t *p, const char *name, type_t *type) {$ sed -n '92,105p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
static sym_t *add_global(parser_t *p, const char *name, type_t *type) {
sym_t *s = calloc(1, sizeof(sym_t));
safe_strcpy(s->name, name, MAX_NAME);
s->type = type;
s->is_global = 1;
safe_strcpy(s->asm_label, name, MAX_NAME);
s->next = p->globals;
p->globals = s;
return s;
}
static sym_t *add_local(parser_t *p, const char *name, type_t *type, int is_static) {
sym_t *s = calloc(1, sizeof(sym_t));
safe_strcpy(s->name, name, MAX_NAME);144 static void codegen_expr(node_t *n) {
145 switch (n->kind) {
146 case ND_NUM:
147 out(" mov eax, %lld\n", (long long)n->num);
148 return;
149 case ND_STR:
150 out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
151 return;
152 case ND_VAR:
153 codegen_addr(n);
154 load_value(n->type);
155 return;
156 case ND_ASSIGN: {
157 codegen_addr(n->a);
158 out(" push eax\n");
159 codegen_expr(n->b);
160 out(" pop ecx\n");
161 store_value(n->a->type);
162 return;
163 }
164 case ND_COMPOUND_ASSIGN: {
165 /* eax/ecx get clobbered (idiv even clobbers edx) while
166 * computing the new value, so &a is kept on the real stack
167 * throughout and only popped fresh at the very end - a
168 * register copy of it wouldn't survive an idiv/cdq. */
169 codegen_addr(n->a);
170 out(" push eax\n"); /* [&a] */
171 codegen_expr(n->b);
172 out(" push eax\n"); /* [&a, b_value] */
173 out(" pop ecx\n"); /* ecx = b_value */
174 out(" mov edx, [esp]\n"); /* edx = &a (peek, stack still [&a]) */
175 out(" mov eax, [edx]\n"); /* eax = current value of a */
176 switch (n->op) {
177 case TK_PLUSEQ: out(" add eax, ecx\n"); break;
178 case TK_MINUSEQ: out(" sub eax, ecx\n"); break;
179 case TK_ANDEQ: out(" and eax, ecx\n"); break;
180 case TK_OREQ: out(" or eax, ecx\n"); break;
181 case TK_XOREQ: out(" xor eax, ecx\n"); break;
182 case TK_STAREQ: out(" imul eax, ecx\n"); break;
183 case TK_SLASHEQ: out(" cdq\n idiv ecx\n"); break;- case ND_VAR: - codegen_addr(n); - load_value(n->type); - return; + case ND_VAR: + codegen_addr(n); + /* A bare function name (e.g. passed as a callback: tinyfs_init( + * disk_block_read, ...)) decays to its own address - there's no + * separate "function value" stored anywhere to load, unlike an + * ordinary global whose address holds its value. Loading here + * would dereference the function's own machine code bytes. */ + if (n->type->kind != TY_FUNC) load_value(n->type); + return;
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 && ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ set -e rm -f /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o echo "full pipeline: OK" cp build/disk.img /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc echo "mkfs_tinyfs (our own toolchain) rc=$?" ls -la /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img build/disk.img
full pipeline: OK /bin/bash: line 25: 3160672 Segmentation fault (core dumped) /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc mkfs_tinyfs (our own toolchain) rc=139 -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 2097152 Jul 18 12:38 /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img -rw-r----- 1 martin martin 2097152 Jul 18 12:06 build/disk.img
$ strace -f /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc 2>&1 | head -30
execve("/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs", ["/tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs", "/tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img", "tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh", "tests/hello.tc:hello.tc"], 0x7ffc746fcc60 /* 78 vars */) = 0
[ Process PID=3160732 runs in 32 bit mode. ]
open("/tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img", O_RDWR) = 3
--- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SEGV_MAPERR, si_addr=0x400000} ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV (core dumped) +++$ grep -n "tinyfs_format\|block_read\|block_write" kernel/fs/tinyfs.c | head -20
9:static tinyfs_block_read_fn block_read;
10:static tinyfs_block_write_fn block_write;
16:void tinyfs_init(tinyfs_block_read_fn read_fn, tinyfs_block_write_fn write_fn) {
17: block_read = read_fn;
18: block_write = write_fn;
23: block_read(TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + i, bitmap + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
29: block_write(TINYFS_BITMAP_BLOCK + i, bitmap + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
36: block_read(TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + i, p + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
43: block_write(TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + i, p + (size_t)i * TINYFS_BLOCK_SIZE);
92:int tinyfs_format(void) {
104: block_write(TINYFS_SB_BLOCK, sbbuf);
113: block_read(TINYFS_SB_BLOCK, sbbuf);
191: block_write(block, buf);
216: block_read(ino->blocks[b], buf);$ grep -n "ND_CALL" toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/parser.c
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:259: case ND_CALL:
toolchain/cc/codegen.c:478: if (n->kind == ND_CALL) {
toolchain/cc/parser.c:476: node_t *call = node_new(ND_CALL);255 out(" mov [ecx], eax\n");
256 if (is_post) out(" mov eax, edx\n");
257 return;
258 }
259 case ND_CALL:
260 codegen_call_or_builtin(n);
261 return;
262 case ND_CAST:
263 codegen_expr(n->a);
264 if (is_byte_type(n->type)) out(" movzx eax, al\n");
265 return;
266 case ND_SIZEOF:
267 out(" mov eax, %d\n", type_size(n->type));
268 return;
269 case ND_TERNARY: {
270 char lfalse[MAX_NAME], lend[MAX_NAME];
271 new_label(lfalse); new_label(lend);
272 codegen_expr(n->a);
273 out(" cmp eax, 0\n je %s\n", lfalse);
274 codegen_expr(n->b);
275 out(" jmp %s\n%s:\n", lend, lfalse);
276 codegen_expr(n->c);
277 out("%s:\n", lend);
278 return;
279 }
280 case ND_MEMBER: case ND_ARROW:
281 codegen_addr(n);
282 load_value(n->type);
283 return;
284 default:
285 fprintf(stderr, "cc: internal error: unsupported expression kind %d\n", n->kind);
286 exit(1);
287 }
288 }
289
290 /* ---------------- calls + builtins ---------------- */
291
292 extern int builtin_emit_call(const char *name, node_t *args, cc_target_t target,
293 void (*emit_arg)(node_t *), void (*emitf)(const char *, ...));
294 $ sed -n '290,340p' toolchain/cc/codegen.c
/* ---------------- calls + builtins ---------------- */
extern int builtin_emit_call(const char *name, node_t *args, cc_target_t target,
void (*emit_arg)(node_t *), void (*emitf)(const char *, ...));
static void codegen_call_or_builtin(node_t *n) {
if (builtin_emit_call(n->name, n->list, g_target, codegen_expr, out)) return;
int argc = 0;
node_t *args[16];
for (node_t *a = n->list; a; a = a->next) args[argc++] = a;
for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
codegen_expr(args[i]);
out(" push eax\n");
}
out(" call %s\n", n->name);
if (argc) out(" add esp, %d\n", argc * 4);
}
/* ---------------- statements ---------------- */
static void codegen_stmt(node_t *n) {
switch (n->kind) {
case ND_BLOCK:
for (node_t *s = n->list; s; s = s->next) codegen_stmt(s);
return;
case ND_EXPR_STMT:
codegen_expr(n->a);
return;
case ND_VAR_DECL:
if (n->is_static_local) return; /* emitted into .data/.bss separately */
/* Brace-init lists (`{1,2,3}`) are only supported for
* globals/statics (compile-time .data, see emit_data_bytes)
* - this codebase never brace-initializes a plain (stack)
* local, only scalars. */
if (n->init) {
out(" lea eax, [ebp%+d]\n", n->frame_offset);
out(" push eax\n");
codegen_expr(n->init);
out(" pop ecx\n");
store_value(n->type);
}
return;
case ND_IF: {
char lelse[MAX_NAME], lend[MAX_NAME];
new_label(lelse); new_label(lend);
codegen_expr(n->a);
out(" cmp eax, 0\n je %s\n", lelse);
codegen_stmt(n->b);
out(" jmp %s\n", lend);
out("%s:\n", lelse);$ grep -n "typedef struct node\|} node_t" toolchain/cc/*.h
131:typedef struct node node_t;
$ grep -n "^struct node" toolchain/cc/*.h
132:struct node {$ sed -n '132,170p' toolchain/cc/cc.h
struct node {
node_kind_t kind;
type_t *type; /* result type, filled in during parsing/type-checking */
tok_kind_t op; /* ND_BINOP / ND_COMPOUND_ASSIGN */
int64_t num;
char str[512]; /* ND_STR: decoded bytes; also used for the emitted label once assigned */
char name[MAX_NAME]; /* ND_VAR / ND_CALL / ND_MEMBER / ND_ARROW / func/var decl name */
node_t *a, *b, *c, *d; /* kind-specific children */
node_t *list; /* block statements / call args / decl init-list, via ->next */
node_t *next;
/* variable/function storage location, resolved during parsing */
int is_global;
int is_static_local; /* function-local `static` - lives in .data/.bss, own label */
int frame_offset; /* local/param: EBP-relative byte offset */
char asm_label[MAX_NAME]; /* global / static-local: the label CC emits for it */
node_t *init; /* ND_VAR_DECL: initializer expression or {..} list (via ->list), or NULL */
int is_extern_decl;
};
node_t *node_new(node_kind_t kind);
/* ---------------- parser ---------------- */
/* Parses the whole (already-preprocessed) token stream into a list of
* top-level ND_FUNC_DEF / ND_VAR_DECL nodes (via ->next). */
node_t *cc_parse(token_t *toks, int n_toks);
/* ---------------- codegen ---------------- */
typedef enum { TARGET_KERNEL, TARGET_HOST } cc_target_t;
/* Emits AS-syntax assembly text for the whole translation unit to `out`
* (a FILE*, opaque here to keep cc.h freestanding-includable elsewhere
* if ever needed - codegen.c does the actual #include <stdio.h>). */
void codegen_emit(node_t *prog, void *out_file, cc_target_t target);- int is_global; - int is_static_local; /* function-local `static` - lives in .data/.bss, own label */ - int frame_offset; /* local/param: EBP-relative byte offset */ - char asm_label[MAX_NAME]; /* global / static-local: the label CC emits for it */ + int is_global; + int is_static_local; /* function-local `static` - lives in .data/.bss, own label */ + int frame_offset; /* local/param: EBP-relative byte offset */ + char asm_label[MAX_NAME]; /* global / static-local: the label CC emits for it */ + int is_indirect_call; /* ND_CALL: callee is a function-pointer variable + * (the fields above locate it), not a directly + * callable function symbol - `call eax` instead + * of `call name` */
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/cc.h has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
462 for (member_t *m = st->members; m; m = m->next) if (strcmp(m->name, name) == 0) return m;
463 return NULL;
464 }
465
466 static node_t *parse_primary(parser_t *p) {
467 if (check(p, TK_NUM)) { node_t *n = make_num(advance(p).num); return n; }
468 if (check(p, TK_CHAR)) { node_t *n = make_num(advance(p).num); n->type = g_char_type; return n; }
469 if (check(p, TK_STR)) { return make_str(p, advance(p).text); }
470 if (check(p, TK_IDENT)) {
471 char name[MAX_NAME];
472 token_t ident_tok = advance(p);
473 safe_strcpy(name, ident_tok.text, MAX_NAME);
474 if (check(p, TK_LPAREN)) {
475 advance(p);
476 node_t *call = node_new(ND_CALL);
477 safe_strcpy(call->name, name, MAX_NAME);
478 node_t *tail = NULL;
479 while (!check(p, TK_RPAREN)) {
480 node_t *arg = parse_assign(p);
481 if (!call->list) call->list = arg; else tail->next = arg;
482 tail = arg;
483 if (!match(p, TK_COMMA)) break;
484 }
485 expect(p, TK_RPAREN);
486 sym_t *fs = sym_find_global(p, name);486 sym_t *fs = sym_find_global(p, name);
487 call->type = (fs && fs->type->kind == TY_FUNC) ? fs->type->base : g_int_type;
488 return call;
489 }
490 return resolve_ident(p, name, ident_tok);
491 }
492 if (match(p, TK_LPAREN)) {
493 node_t *n = parse_expr(p);
494 expect(p, TK_RPAREN);
495 return n;$ grep -n "static sym_t \*sym_find\b\|static sym_t \*sym_find_global" toolchain/cc/parser.c
75:static sym_t *sym_find_global(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
79:static sym_t *sym_find(parser_t *p, const char *name) {$ sed -n '75,90p' toolchain/cc/parser.c
static sym_t *sym_find_global(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
for (sym_t *s = p->globals; s; s = s->next) if (strcmp(s->name, name) == 0) return s;
return NULL;
}
static sym_t *sym_find(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
sym_t *s = sym_find_local(p, name);
return s ? s : sym_find_global(p, name);
}
static tag_t *tag_find(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
for (tag_t *t = p->tags; t; t = t->next) if (strcmp(t->name, name) == 0) return t;
return NULL;
}
static int is_typedef_name(parser_t *p, const char *name) {
sym_t *s = sym_find_global(p, name); /* typedefs are always file-scope in this codebase */
return s && s->is_typedef;
}- sym_t *fs = sym_find_global(p, name);
- call->type = (fs && fs->type->kind == TY_FUNC) ? fs->type->base : g_int_type;
- return call;
+ sym_t *fs = sym_find_global(p, name);
+ call->type = (fs && fs->type->kind == TY_FUNC) ? fs->type->base : g_int_type;
+ if (!(fs && fs->type->kind == TY_FUNC)) {
+ /* Not a directly-defined function - if it resolves to a
+ * variable (local or global) instead, this is a call
+ * through a function-pointer value (e.g. tinyfs_init's
+ * read_fn/write_fn callbacks), not a direct `call name`.
+ * Locate the pointer the same way an ordinary variable
+ * reference would (see resolve_ident/codegen_addr) so
+ * codegen can load its value and `call eax`. */
+ sym_t *vs = sym_find(p, name);
+ if (vs && vs->type->kind == TY_PTR && vs->type->base->kind == TY_FUNC) {
+ call->is_indirect_call = 1;
+ call->is_global = vs->is_global;
+ call->is_static_local = vs->is_static_local;
+ call->frame_offset = vs->frame_offset;
+ safe_strcpy(call->asm_label, vs->asm_label, MAX_NAME);
+ call->type = vs->type->base->base;
+ }
+ }
+ return call;The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/parser.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
66 /* ---------------- lvalue addresses ---------------- */
67
68 static void codegen_addr(node_t *n) {
69 switch (n->kind) {
70 case ND_VAR:
71 if (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) {
72 out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
73 } else {
74 out(" lea eax, [ebp%+d]\n", n->frame_offset);
75 }
76 return;
77 case ND_MEMBER:
78 codegen_addr(n->a);
79 if (n->num) out(" add eax, %lld\n", (long long)n->num);
80 return;
81 case ND_ARROW:
82 codegen_expr(n->a);
83 if (n->num) out(" add eax, %lld\n", (long long)n->num);
84 return;
85 case ND_DEREF:
86 codegen_expr(n->a);
87 return;
88 default:
89 fprintf(stderr, "cc: internal error: not an lvalue (kind %d)\n", n->kind);
90 exit(1);
91 }
92 }- static void codegen_addr(node_t *n) {
- switch (n->kind) {
- case ND_VAR:
- if (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) {
- out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
- } else {
- out(" lea eax, [ebp%+d]\n", n->frame_offset);
- }
- return;
+ /* Address of a variable-like storage location, given the is_global/
+ * is_static_local/frame_offset/asm_label fields ND_VAR and an indirect
+ * ND_CALL's callee both carry (see cc.h). */
+ static void codegen_var_addr(node_t *n) {
+ if (n->is_global || n->is_static_local) {
+ out(" lea eax, [%s]\n", n->asm_label);
+ } else {
+ out(" lea eax, [ebp%+d]\n", n->frame_offset);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static void codegen_addr(node_t *n) {
+ switch (n->kind) {
+ case ND_VAR:
+ codegen_var_addr(n);
+ return;The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
300 void (*emit_arg)(node_t *), void (*emitf)(const char *, ...));
301
302 static void codegen_call_or_builtin(node_t *n) {
303 if (builtin_emit_call(n->name, n->list, g_target, codegen_expr, out)) return;
304
305 int argc = 0;
306 node_t *args[16];
307 for (node_t *a = n->list; a; a = a->next) args[argc++] = a;
308 for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
309 codegen_expr(args[i]);
310 out(" push eax\n");
311 }
312 out(" call %s\n", n->name);
313 if (argc) out(" add esp, %d\n", argc * 4);
314 }
315
316 /* ---------------- statements ---------------- */
317
318 static void codegen_stmt(node_t *n) {
319 switch (n->kind) {$ grep -n "static void load_value" toolchain/cc/codegen.c
48:static void load_value(type_t *t) {$ sed -n '48,56p' toolchain/cc/codegen.c
static void load_value(type_t *t) {
if (t->kind == TY_ARRAY) return; /* arrays decay to their own address - nothing to load */
if (is_byte_type(t)) {
out(" movzx eax, byte [eax]\n");
} else {
out(" mov eax, [eax]\n");
}
}- static void codegen_call_or_builtin(node_t *n) {
- if (builtin_emit_call(n->name, n->list, g_target, codegen_expr, out)) return;
-
- int argc = 0;
- node_t *args[16];
- for (node_t *a = n->list; a; a = a->next) args[argc++] = a;
- for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
- codegen_expr(args[i]);
- out(" push eax\n");
- }
- out(" call %s\n", n->name);
- if (argc) out(" add esp, %d\n", argc * 4);
- }
+ static void codegen_call_or_builtin(node_t *n) {
+ if (!n->is_indirect_call && builtin_emit_call(n->name, n->list, g_target, codegen_expr, out)) return;
+
+ int argc = 0;
+ node_t *args[16];
+ for (node_t *a = n->list; a; a = a->next) args[argc++] = a;
+ for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ codegen_expr(args[i]);
+ out(" push eax\n");
+ }
+ if (n->is_indirect_call) {
+ /* Callee is a function-pointer variable (e.g. tinyfs_init's
+ * read_fn/write_fn callbacks), not a directly callable symbol -
+ * load its stored address (always a plain 4-byte pointer, so no
+ * load_value/is_byte_type dance needed) and call through it.
+ * Done last, after all args are already pushed, so this doesn't
+ * need to protect eax from being clobbered by arg evaluation. */
+ codegen_var_addr(n);
+ out(" mov eax, [eax]\n");
+ out(" call eax\n");
+ } else {
+ out(" call %s\n", n->name);
+ }
+ if (argc) out(" add esp, %d\n", argc * 4);
+ }The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/cc/codegen.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ grep -n '"call"' toolchain/as/encode.c
600: if (strcmp(m, "call") == 0) {$ sed -n '595,625p' toolchain/as/encode.c
e32(&e, (uint32_t)rel);
}
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "call") == 0) {
if (st->bits == 16) {
e8(&e, 0xE8);
int64_t rel = resolve_pcrel(ctx, is_bin, a->sym, a->disp, st->section,
(int64_t)st->offset + 3, st->section, st->offset + 1, strict, 2);
e16(&e, (uint16_t)rel);
} else {
e8(&e, 0xE8);
int64_t rel = resolve_pcrel(ctx, is_bin, a->sym, a->disp, st->section,
(int64_t)st->offset + 5, st->section, st->offset + 1, strict, 4);
e32(&e, (uint32_t)rel);
}
return e.len;
}
if (strcmp(m, "push") == 0) {
if (a->kind == OPND_IMM) {
e8(&e, 0x68);
int64_t v = a->has_sym ? resolve_abs(ctx, is_bin, a->sym, a->disp, st->section, st->offset + 1, strict) : a->disp;
e32(&e, (uint32_t)v);
return e.len;
}
if (is_reg32(a->reg)) { e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0x50 + regnum(a->reg))); return e.len; }
if (is_reg16(a->reg)) { e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0x50 + regnum(a->reg))); return e.len; }
}
if (strcmp(m, "pop") == 0) {- if (strcmp(m, "call") == 0) {
- if (st->bits == 16) {
+ if (strcmp(m, "call") == 0 && a->kind == OPND_REG && is_reg32(a->reg)) {
+ /* call r/m32 (FF /2) - indirect call through a register, e.g. a
+ * function-pointer variable's loaded value (see cc.h's
+ * is_indirect_call / docs/toolchain.md). */
+ e8(&e, 0xFF);
+ e8(&e, (uint8_t)(0xC0 | (2 << 3) | regnum(a->reg)));
+ return e.len;
+ }
+ if (strcmp(m, "call") == 0) {
+ if (st->bits == 16) {The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/toolchain/as/encode.c has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -O2 -o build/toolchain/as toolchain/as/lexer.c toolchain/as/parser.c toolchain/as/encode.c toolchain/as/bin_writer.c toolchain/as/elf_writer.c toolchain/as/main.c 2>&1 | tail -40 gcc -o build/toolchain/cc toolchain/cc/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 gcc -o build/toolchain/ld toolchain/ld/*.c -Wall 2>&1 | tail -40 ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ set -e rm -f /tmp/mkfs_build/*.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S kernel/fs/tinyfs.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S kernel/string.c build/toolchain/cc -Itoolchain/include -Ikernel -Itools --target=host -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.S build/toolchain/ld -o /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/tinyfs.o /tmp/mkfs_build/string.o echo "full pipeline: OK" cp build/disk.img /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img /tmp/mkfs_build/mkfs_tinyfs /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img tests/hello.tsh:hello.tsh tests/hello.tc:hello.tc echo "mkfs_tinyfs (our own toolchain) rc=$?"
full pipeline: OK mkfs_tinyfs: done mkfs_tinyfs (our own toolchain) rc=0
$ cp /tmp/mkfs_build/disk_new.img build/disk.img ./tools/run_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -60
run_tests: PASS qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3256536 (bash)
$ grep -n "^build" .gitignore 2>/dev/null; git status --short | head -20
1:build/ M toolchain/as/as.h M toolchain/as/encode.c M toolchain/as/parser.c M toolchain/cc/cc.h M toolchain/cc/codegen.c M toolchain/cc/main.c M toolchain/cc/parser.c M toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c ?? toolchain/ld/
$ make -s 2>&1 | tail -20 && echo "make: OK"
make: OK
$ ./tools/run_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -20 echo "====" ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -20
run_tests: PASS qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3256908 (bash) ==== PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude set -e mkdir -p /tmp/kernel_build build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/kernel_build/entry.o kernel/entry.S build/toolchain/as -f elf32 -o /tmp/kernel_build/idt_stubs.o kernel/idt_stubs.S echo "AS: entry.S + idt_stubs.S assembled OK" ls build/*.o 2>/dev/null | grep -v entry.o | grep -v idt_stubs.o | head -20
AS: entry.S + idt_stubs.S assembled OK build/ata.o build/builtins_shim.o build/console.o build/gdt.o build/host_mkfs_tinyfs.o build/host_string.o build/host_syscalls_shim.o build/host_tinyfs.o build/idt.o build/keyboard.o build/kmain.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o build/serial.o build/string.o
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude set -e grep -n "KERNEL_C_SRCS\|KERNEL_OBJS" Makefile | head -5 ls build/fs/*.o build/shell/*.o build/lang/*.o build/lang/*/*.o 2>/dev/null
23:KERNEL_C_SRCS := kernel/kmain.c kernel/console.c kernel/serial.c kernel/gdt.c \ 32:KERNEL_OBJS := $(patsubst kernel/%.S,$(BUILD)/%.o,$(KERNEL_ASM_SRCS)) \ 33: $(patsubst kernel/%.c,$(BUILD)/%.o,$(KERNEL_C_SRCS)) 72:$(KERNEL_ELF): $(KERNEL_OBJS) kernel/link.ld 73: $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(KERNEL_OBJS) build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/lexer.o build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/eval.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/vm.o build/shell/shell.o
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude set -e KOBJS="/tmp/kernel_build/entry.o /tmp/kernel_build/idt_stubs.o build/kmain.o build/console.o build/serial.o build/gdt.o build/idt.o build/string.o build/memory.o build/selftest.o build/ata.o build/fs/tinyfs.o build/fs/tinyfs_disk.o build/keyboard.o build/shell/shell.o build/builtins_shim.o build/lang/lexer.o build/lang/script/ast.o build/lang/script/parser.o build/lang/script/eval.o build/lang/compiler/parser.o build/lang/compiler/codegen.o build/lang/vm.o" build/toolchain/ld -T kernel/link.ld -o /tmp/kernel_build/kernel.elf $KOBJS echo "LD: kernel linked OK" objcopy -O binary /tmp/kernel_build/kernel.elf /tmp/kernel_build/kernel.bin echo "objcopy: OK" ls -la /tmp/kernel_build/kernel.bin build/kernel.bin
LD: kernel linked OK objcopy: OK -rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 39012 Jul 18 16:52 /tmp/kernel_build/kernel.bin -rwxr-x--- 1 martin martin 48456 Jul 18 12:06 build/kernel.bin
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude
cp build/disk.img /tmp/kernel_build/disk_test.img
python3 -c "
KERNEL_START_SECTOR = 5
with open('/tmp/kernel_build/kernel.bin','rb') as f:
kbin = f.read()
with open('/tmp/kernel_build/disk_test.img','r+b') as f:
f.seek(KERNEL_START_SECTOR*512)
f.write(kbin)
print('kernel written,', len(kbin), 'bytes,', (len(kbin)+511)//512, 'sectors')
"kernel written, 39012 bytes, 77 sectors
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude timeout 20 qemu-system-i386 -drive file=/tmp/kernel_build/disk_test.img,format=raw -display none -serial stdio -no-reboot 2>&1 | head -40
Exit code 143 Terminated
$ cat tools/run_tests.sh | head -40
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Boots the kernel headlessly in QEMU, checks the kernel self-test result,
# then drives the interactive shell via QEMU's monitor `sendkey` (see
# tools/qemu_type.py - there's no other way to feed the polled PS/2
# keyboard driver without real hardware) and asserts on serial output.
set -euo pipefail
cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
make >/dev/null
BUILD=build
LOG="$BUILD/serial.log"
MON="$BUILD/qemu-monitor.sock"
rm -f "$LOG" "$MON"
qemu-system-i386 \
-drive file="$BUILD/disk.img",format=raw \
-display none \
-serial file:"$LOG" \
-monitor unix:"$MON",server,nowait \
-no-reboot &
QEMU_PID=$!
cleanup() {
kill "$QEMU_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
wait "$QEMU_PID" 2>/dev/null || true
}
trap cleanup EXIT
fail() {
echo "run_tests: FAIL - $1"
echo "--- serial log ---"
cat "$LOG" 2>/dev/null || true
exit 1
}
wait_for() {
local pattern="$1"
local max_tries="${2:-50}" # 50 * 0.2s = 10s
local i=0$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude rm -f /tmp/kernel_build/serial.log qemu-system-i386 -drive file=/tmp/kernel_build/disk_test.img,format=raw -display none -serial file:/tmp/kernel_build/serial.log -no-reboot & QPID=$! sleep 3 kill $QPID 2>/dev/null wait $QPID 2>/dev/null cat /tmp/kernel_build/serial.log
qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3261333 (/bin/bash) tiny-os: kernel entered selftest: running SELFTEST PASS tiny-os shell. type 'help' for commands. >
$ rm -rf /tmp/mkfs_build /tmp/kernel_build /tmp/argv_test /tmp/macro_test.c git status --short
M toolchain/as/as.h M toolchain/as/encode.c M toolchain/as/parser.c M toolchain/cc/cc.h M toolchain/cc/codegen.c M toolchain/cc/main.c M toolchain/cc/parser.c M toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c ?? toolchain/ld/
$ wc -l docs/toolchain.md; grep -n "^## \|^# " docs/toolchain.md
301 docs/toolchain.md 1:# Self-hosted toolchain 9:## AS (assembler) 129:## CC (compiler) 259:## Kernel source adaptation (Phase T3) 293:## LD, OBJCOPY 298:## Bootstrap
259 ## Kernel source adaptation (Phase T3)
260
261 The kernel source now expresses every low-level operation the way CC
262 expects it, ahead of Phase T7's actual switchover - so this phase's
263 changes are visible today even though the build still uses host
264 gcc/nasm/ld/objcopy:
265
266 - All 12 inline-asm sites (`kernel/{ata,serial,keyboard,idt,gdt}.c`,
267 `kernel/shell/shell.c`) now call named builtins declared in
268 `kernel/builtins.h` (`__builtin_outb`/`inb`/`outw`/`inw`/`hlt`/
269 `lidt`/`gdt_flush`) instead of raw `__asm__` blocks.
270 - `tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c` is libc-free: raw `__sys_open`/`read`/`write`/
271 `lseek`/`close`/`exit` (declared in `tools/host_syscalls.h`) instead
272 of `fopen`/`fread`/`fwrite`/`fseek`/`fclose`/`exit`/`perror`, and
273 `kernel/string.h` instead of the system `<string.h>` (which needed
274 adding `strchr` there, used to split `host-path:fs-name` seed specs).
275
276 Since GCC doesn't recognize any of these names as its own builtins, real
277 GCC-inline-asm bodies live in two small shim files -
278 `kernel/builtins_shim.c` and `tools/host_syscalls_shim.c` - that exist
279 *only* so the current interim build still links. Both get dropped from
280 the Makefile in Phase T7: CC intercepts every call to these names
281 directly in codegen and never needs (or could parse - CC has no
282 inline-asm support at all) a linkable definition. The "Builtins" section
283 above documents the actual instruction sequences CC emits for each one;
284 the shims mirror them exactly (e.g. `__sys_open`'s hardcoded mode `420`)
285 so behavior is identical either way.
286
287 Verified with the *existing* toolchain, deliberately - this phase proves
288 the refactor is behavior-preserving before the new toolchain is even in
289 the loop: `tools/run_tests.sh` (full OS boot + shell + both languages)
290 and `tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh` (CC's own test battery) both stay
291 green throughout, built entirely with gcc/nasm/ld/objcopy as before.
292
293 ## LD, OBJCOPY
294
295 Not yet built - Phases T5/T6. Everything so far links with GNU `ld` and
296 extracts with GNU `objcopy` as an interim step.
297
298 ## Bootstrap
299
300 _To be filled in once Phase T8 lands: the Stage0/1/2/3 procedure and how
301 to re-verify Stage2 == Stage3._- ## LD, OBJCOPY - - Not yet built - Phases T5/T6. Everything so far links with GNU `ld` and - extracts with GNU `objcopy` as an interim step. + ## LD (linker, Phase T5) + + `toolchain/ld/` parses ELF32 relocatable objects (`elf_reader.c`, sections + indexed directly by their raw ELF section-header index so symbol + `st_shndx` / relocation `sh_info` map straight in), merges same-kind + sections across all input files **in command-line order** (`main.c`'s + `merge_sections`), resolves symbols into one flat global table, and + applies the two relocation types this project's object code actually + produces: `R_386_32` (`value = S+A`) and `R_386_PC32` (`value = S+A-P`) - + x86 ELF uses REL not RELA, so the addend `A` is read back out of the + bytes AS already baked in, not stored separately. + + File-order concatenation replaces a real linker script's section-pattern + matching (`*(.text.entry) *(.text*)` etc.) - the one simplification this + phase relies on, and it only works because the Makefile already puts + `entry.o` first on the command line. `classify_section()` matches + section names by **prefix** (`.text`, `.rodata`, `.data`, `.bss`), not + exact string - needed because nasm names `entry.S`'s section + `.text.entry`, not `.text`; an exact match silently dropped `_start` + from the link (caught by testing against the current *nasm*-built + objects, not just AS's own output). + + Two output modes, sharing the merge/resolve/relocate core above: + + - `link_flat` (`-T <script>`, script contents never read - its mere + presence is the mode switch): hardcodes `kernel/link.ld`'s exact + layout, base `0x10000`, `.text`/`.rodata`/`.data`/`.bss` 4-byte-aligned + in sequence, injects `_bss_start`/`_bss_end`. Produces an `ET_EXEC` + with real section headers for `objcopy -O binary` to extract. + - `link_static_exec` (default): a minimal real Linux ET_EXEC for host + tools - base `0x08048000`, one RWX `PT_LOAD` segment covering the + whole file, `.bss` covered only by `p_memsz > p_filesz`, **no section + header table** (`e_shoff=0` - `execve()`'s loader never reads them). + Entry point is the linked `_start` symbol; errors if none is found + (only CC `--target=host` output ever defines one). + + Verified functionally, not by byte-diff (ELF metadata/padding legitimately + differs from GNU ld's output): the full `tests/toolchain/*.c` battery + linked by LD and run directly (matching Phase T4's expected exit codes); + the kernel linked by LD from a mix of nasm- and AS-assembled objects, + booted in QEMU to `SELFTEST PASS` and a working interactive shell + (scripting language, bytecode compiler+VM, tinyfs - via + `tools/qemu_type.py`); and `tools/mkfs_tinyfs` itself - `kernel/fs/tinyfs.c`, + `kernel/string.c`, and `tools/mkfs_tinyfs.c` compiled by `CC + --target=host`, assembled by AS, linked by LD in `link_static_exec` mode, + then actually run to format a real disk image, which then boots and + passes the full `tools/run_tests.sh` suite. + + That last check surfaced five real, previously-latent bugs - none of them + in LD itself, but in CC/AS paths LD's static_exec mode was the first + thing to actually exercise end-to-end: + + - **CC preprocessor**: `#include`'s per-depth path buffer + (`static char paths[MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH][600]`) was reused by every + sibling include at the same nesting depth, and `token_t.file` stores + that pointer directly (no copy) - a later sibling `#include` + overwriting the buffer retroactively "changed" the filename recorded + on every earlier token from the previous sibling. Fixed by giving each + include its own permanently-allocated path. Also, macro-in-macro + expansion only substituted one level deep (`TINYFS_DATA_BLOCK` -> + `(TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK + ...)` left `TINYFS_INODE_BLOCK` unexpanded) - + replaced with a proper recursive expander guarded against + self-reference. + - **CC codegen - `_start`**: emitted unconditionally in every + `--target=host` translation unit, so a multi-file host program + (`mkfs_tinyfs.c` + `tinyfs.c` + `string.c`) got a `call main` baked into + files that don't define `main`, which AS then couldn't resolve + (there's no separate crt0.o in this toolchain). Now only emitted by the + one unit that actually defines `main`. Relatedly, `_start` originally + did a bare `call main` - `call` itself pushes a return address, so + `argc` landed in the right cdecl slot by coincidence but `argv` + received `argv[0]`'s string-pointer value instead of `&argv[0]`; fixed + by loading argc/argv explicitly from `[esp]`/`[esp+4]` before the call. + - **CC codegen - top-level string/extern collection**: `walk_collect` + recurses into `->next` (needed for statement sibling chains reached via + `->list`), but the top-level driver in `codegen_emit` *also* iterates + `n = n->next` while calling `walk_collect(n, prog)` on each node - so + each call re-walked the entire remaining top-level chain, duplicating + every string literal and extern once per remaining prefix. + - **CC codegen - static locals never allocated**: the `.data`/`.bss` + emission loops only scanned `prog`'s top-level chain, but a `static` + local variable is declared inside a function body's statement list - + so `lea eax, [__static_N]` was emitted at every use site with no + matching `global __static_N` / storage anywhere, an unresolvable + symbol. Fixed by collecting static locals during the same recursive + walk used for strings/externs. + - **CC codegen - function values didn't decay to a pointer**: a bare + function name used as a value (`tinyfs_init(disk_block_read, ...)`, + passing a callback) went through the same `ND_VAR` path as an ordinary + global - compute its address, then *dereference* it - which read the + function's own machine code bytes as if they were a stored pointer. + Fixed by skipping the dereference for `TY_FUNC`-typed values. + - **CC codegen - no indirect calls**: calling *through* a function-pointer + variable (`block_read(...)` where `block_read` is a `static + tinyfs_block_read_fn`, assigned via `tinyfs_init`) always emitted a + direct `call block_read` - a jump straight into the `.bss` bytes + holding the pointer value, executed as instructions. The parser now + detects when a call's callee resolves to a variable rather than a + function symbol and marks the call indirect; codegen loads the stored + pointer and emits `call eax`. AS gained the corresponding `call r/m32` + (`FF /2`) encoding - previously only the direct relative form + (`E8 rel32`) existed. + - **AS - 3-operand `imul` silently dropped its immediate**: the operand + parser had a hard 2-operand ceiling (`ops[2]`, no comma check after the + second operand), so `imul ecx, ecx, 4` (CC's array-indexing scale, e.g. + `argv[1]`) parsed as `ecx, ecx` with `, 4` silently discarded, then + encoded as the 2-operand register-multiply form (`ecx = ecx*ecx` + instead of `ecx*4`). This is a general, silent miscompilation of any + runtime-indexed array/pointer access with a non-constant-folded scale - + it went undetected by `tests/toolchain/t04_pointers.c` because that + test's array *writes* and *reads* both use the identical broken + formula (self-cancelling: `nums[i] = i*2` stores at `base+i*i`, and + `a[i]` in the summing loop reads back from `base+i*i` too), so the + final sum still came out right despite the underlying addresses being + wrong. It only surfaced when reading data written through a *different* + mechanism using real offsets - the kernel-provided `argv[]` array. + Fixed by extending `stmt_t.ops[]` to 3 slots and adding the proper + `imul r32, r/m32, imm32` encoding (`0x69 /r id`, always full imm32 - + same "no imm8 sign-extend optimization" convention the group1 ALU ops + already use). + + ## OBJCOPY + + Not yet built - Phase T6. Everything so far extracts the flat kernel + binary with GNU `objcopy -O binary` as an interim step.
The file /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude/docs/toolchain.md has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude ./tools/run_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10 echo "====" ./tools/run_toolchain_tests.sh 2>&1 | tail -10
run_tests: PASS qemu-system-i386: terminating on signal 15 from pid 3262193 (bash) ==== PASS t01_basic (5) PASS t02_control (7) PASS t02_types (42) PASS t03_recursion (55) PASS t04_pointers (31) PASS t05_structs (17) run_toolchain_tests: PASS
{
"query": "select:TaskUpdate",
"max_results": 3
}{
"taskId": "13",
"status": "completed"
}Updated task #13 status
$ cd /home/martin/workspace/prototypes/boot-to-claude git add toolchain/ld toolchain/as/as.h toolchain/as/encode.c toolchain/as/parser.c toolchain/cc/cc.h toolchain/cc/codegen.c toolchain/cc/main.c toolchain/cc/parser.c toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c docs/toolchain.md git status --short
M docs/toolchain.md M toolchain/as/as.h M toolchain/as/encode.c M toolchain/as/parser.c M toolchain/cc/cc.h M toolchain/cc/codegen.c M toolchain/cc/main.c M toolchain/cc/parser.c M toolchain/cc/preprocessor.c A toolchain/ld/elf_format.h A toolchain/ld/elf_reader.c A toolchain/ld/ld.h A toolchain/ld/link_flat.c A toolchain/ld/link_static_exec.c A toolchain/ld/main.c